(a)[4]
Describe the arrangement of a DNA molecule.
(b(i))[3]
Outline how antibiotic resistance develops in a population of bacteria.
(b(ii))[1]
Suggest why scientists use differences in base sequences to classify the strains of MRSA rather than using other methods.
(b(iii))[2]
Explain why scientists are concerned that some strains of bacteria, such as S. aureus, have become resistant to antibiotics.
(c(i))[2]
Describe how the use of antibiotics can be managed to reduce the development of resistant strains of bacteria.
(c(ii))[1]
Suggest why MRSA is unlikely to be transmitted from a mother to her unborn fetus.
(d)[3]
State the names of three natural processes involving bacteria that are important to ecosystems.