(a)[2]
Complete Fig. 2.2 by inserting the letters for the bases that are absent.
(b)[3]
Explain how mRNA is involved in protein synthesis.
(c(i))[1]
Use the letters on Fig. 2.4 to state the two species that are most closely related.
(c(ii))[2]
Use Fig. 2.4 to explain why Aspergillus nidulans is the species most distantly related to the other five species.
(d)[2]
Modern classification methods depend on analysing and comparing base sequences in DNA. Describe the type of evidence that scientists used to classify organisms before DNA could be sequenced.