Biotechnology includes making biological washing powders with enzymes obtained from bacteria. Fig. 7.1 displays part of a label from a packet of '5 Star Bio' washing powder. The label says: "Contains enzymes", "Wash at 30 ^{\circ}C", "Removes food stains", "Do not wash above 60 ^{\circ}C", "Only small quantities needed", and "Biological Washing Powder".
(a)[2]
State two ways in which bacteria are useful in biotechnology, such as in making biological washing powders.
(b(i))[2]
Explain the way this washing powder gets rid of food stains.
(b(ii))[2]
Explain why the manufacturer advises washing at 30 ^{\circ}C rather than above 60 ^{\circ}C.
(b(iii))[1]
Suggest why just small amounts of washing powder are enough to wash a large load of clothes.
(c)[1]
Name an enzyme that could help remove fat stains from clothing.
Worked solution & mark scheme
This 8-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: “Reproduce rapidly” …