Oct/Nov 2024

The diagram illustrates a leaf on a plant. Which characteristic of life does this diagram represent?

Characteristics of living organisms

Four solutions were examined to determine whether they had protein, starch or glucose present. The table shows the colours each solution turned after the tests. Which solution had protein and glucose, but no starch?

Biological molecules

Enzymes are made of which type of biological molecule?

Enzymes

The diagrams depict molecules involved in how a digestive enzyme works. What is the substrate?

Enzymes

The graph illustrates the way enzyme activity changes as temperature changes. What is the optimum temperature for this enzyme, and at which temperature is the enzyme fully denatured?

Enzymes

The experiment is arranged as illustrated. The green indicator: - becomes yellow when the carbon dioxide concentration rises - becomes blue when the carbon dioxide concentration falls. After a few hours, the indicator in test-tube X became blue. The indicator in test-tube Y stayed green. Which process led to the colour change?

Photosynthesis

How is transpiration described?

Transpiration

The photomicrograph displays a cross-section of a leaf. Which structure is the cuticle?

Leaf structure

What nutrient is absent from the diet of a person with scurvy?

Diet

Which region is part of the small intestine?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates the apparatus used in an experiment designed to show two processes occurring in the body. After one hour, the water outside the dialysis tubing contained reducing sugars. Which two processes are shown by this experiment?

Absorption

Which statement gives the correct description of a species?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which row correctly identifies the four types of human teeth shown?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates the human digestive system. Which letters indicate the places where amylase works during digestion?

Chemical digestion

Which row gives a description of transport in a plant?

Xylem and phloem

In humans, what structures deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells?

Blood vessels

The diagram shows part of the human circulatory system. What are the blood vessels labelled with numbers?

Blood vessels

These possible ways of spreading pathogens are given: 1 drinking contaminated water; 2 contact with another person’s blood; 3 contact with another person’s saliva; 4 touching contaminated surfaces. How many of these are indirect methods of transmitting pathogens?

Diseases and immunity

Which substances are consumed and which are made during aerobic respiration in a plant cell?

Aerobic respiration

Which organ removes urea from the body?

Excretion in humans

Which of the following statements about hormones are correct?

Hormones

The diagram illustrates a plant shoot growing towards light. What is the name of this shoot’s response to light?

Tropic responses

The diagram illustrates a dolphin. Dolphins are mammals that live in the sea. Which row correctly names some of the characteristics of dolphins?

Features of organisms

The following parts of an insect-pollinated flower are given. 1 anther 2 filament 3 stigma 4 style Which of these parts belong to a carpel?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What is antibiotics used to treat?

Diseases and immunity

Which statement gives a description of asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction

In humans, why are far more sperm cells produced than egg cells?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What is the cluster of cells that embeds itself in the lining of the uterus during sexual reproduction in humans?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which sex chromosomes must be present in a sperm cell to produce a male offspring?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

ABO blood groups are an example of one form of variation. What causes this form of variation?

Variation

Which statement provides an example of natural selection?

Selection

The graph illustrates the rise in the world’s human population since 1630. What was the greatest length of time needed for the population to double?

Populations

Lichens are organisms that do not thrive in polluted air. Which graph shows how the number of lichen species changes from the centre of a polluted city to the unpolluted countryside 15 km away?

Pollution

Which structures are present in an animal cell?

Cell structure

Which trophic level is used for an organism that feeds only on herbivores?

Food chains and food webs

What function do ciliated cells perform in the bronchi?

Gas exchange in humans

The diagram represents an organism known as a copepod. The magnification of the diagram is $\times 30$. Line XY measures $45\ \text{mm}$. What is the copepod’s actual length?

Size of specimens

During osmosis, some molecules pass through a membrane. Which row identifies the molecule that moves and the type of membrane?

Osmosis

What is one feature of active transport?

Active transport

Which substances are formed by joining together only glucose molecules?

Biological molecules

Which type of cell propels mucus?

Cell structure

Biuret reagent was added to a food sample. If the sample contained protein, what colour would be observed?

Biological molecules

What elements are present in fats?

Biological molecules

Which statements concerning enzymes are correct?

Enzymes

The equation for photosynthesis is given below. $\ldots\ldots\ldots 1 \ldots\ldots\ldots + \ldots\ldots\ldots 2 \ldots\ldots\ldots \rightarrow \text{glucose} + \ldots\ldots\ldots 3 \ldots\ldots\ldots$ Which words fill gaps 1, 2 and 3 correctly?

Photosynthesis

Which carbohydrate is used to form cell walls?

Biological molecules

The diagram presents a transverse section of a leaf. Which row gives the correct labels?

Leaf structure

The table gives information about some of the nutrients present in yoghurt. The mass of one serving of yoghurt is $150\,\text{g}$. One nutrient in the yoghurt is needed to keep bones and teeth healthy. What is the mass of this nutrient in one serving of yoghurt?

Diet

The diagram presents the alimentary canal and several related organs in a cat. A cat’s alimentary canal is similar to a human’s. Which row identifies the structures labelled $1$-$4$?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates the four types of teeth found in a human jaw. Which row gives the correct identification of all four types of teeth?

Physical digestion

What substances result from protein digestion in the stomach?

Chemical digestion

A student placed a fly larva in gradients of light and temperature. They shone light at the area from one side and made one side of the area hotter than the other. They recorded the route taken by the fly larva as it moved. Which statement describes the response of the fly larva?

Coordination and response

In which part is water absorbed?

Absorption

The diagram illustrates a transverse section of a stem. Which statement accurately states the position and role of phloem?

Xylem and phloem

A list of environmental factors is shown below. 1 carbon dioxide concentration 2 temperature 3 oxygen concentration 4 wind speed Which of these factors has a direct effect on the rate of transpiration?

Transpiration

The diagram shows part of a blood vessel. Which feature in the diagram indicates that it is a vein rather than an artery?

Blood vessels

The photomicrograph displays two blood cells. What function do these cells have?

Blood

Which row shows a gas present in expired air paired with a substance that can be used to test for that gas?

Gas exchange in humans

Which graph illustrates the way temperature influences the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

What route does a reflex arc follow from the receptor to the effector?

Coordination and response

What effect does adrenaline secretion have?

Hormones

What does phototropism mean?

Tropic responses

The table presents the scientific names and common names of four plants. Which word is the genus name?

Concept and uses of classification systems

A gardener wants to produce new plants that are exactly the same as plants she already has. Which type of reproduction is used, and how many parents are required for her to produce these identical new plants?

Asexual reproduction

What is always required for seeds to germinate?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What does the term flagellum mean?

Cell structure

Which term is used for a fertilised cell?

Sexual reproduction

Which secondary sexual characteristic results from both testosterone and oestrogen?

Sex hormones in humans

Several routes by which diseases may spread are given. 1 droplets in the air 2 blood and needles 3 food and beverages 4 sex without protection Which of these routes can spread HIV?

Sexually transmitted infections

What do genes specify?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

When pea plants with white flowers are crossed with pea plants with red flowers, every offspring plant has red flowers. If these offspring plants are then crossed, the following generation includes both red-flowered and white-flowered plants. Which statement explains this?

Monohybrid inheritance

What is meant by an adaptive feature?

Adaptive features

Which diagram represents a pyramid of biomass for the food chain shown? key: tree $\rightarrow$ caterpillar $\rightarrow$ bird

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates an arthropod. To which group is this arthropod assigned?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which of the following statements about conservation is correct?

Conservation

The diagram represents a plant cell. Which letter marks the position of the cell membrane?

Cell structure

Which magnification equation is correct?

Size of specimens

A frog is an animal. Frog skin is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide. In which directions will there be a net diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide when a frog is swimming in pond water?

Diffusion

Which statement about support in plants is correct?

Xylem and phloem

Which statement about active transport is correct?

Active transport

A group of students discover a tiny organism in a pond. They capture it and place it in a large jar filled with water. They notice that it moves away from light. Before they return it to the pond, it lays some eggs. Which characteristics of living things were shown by this organism?

Characteristics of living organisms

A food sample is examined using several chemical substances. The table shows the outcomes. Which nutrients are present in the food sample?

Biological molecules

The diagram represents an experiment investigating how protease digests the protein in egg albumen. The protease came from a human stomach. In which test-tube will the protein be digested most quickly?

Enzymes

The diagram shows the structure of an enzyme molecule. Which substrate would this enzyme combine with most readily to form an enzyme-substrate complex?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates an experiment set up to investigate photosynthesis. Which gas is most plentiful at the top of the tube when the experiment has finished?

Photosynthesis

The graph illustrates how the percentage of protein in potatoes changed with the concentration of nitrate fertiliser applied to the crop while it was growing. From the information shown on the graph, which molecule do the potatoes produce in greater amounts as the concentration of nitrate fertiliser rises?

Biological molecules

Which food would contribute more fibre as part of a balanced diet?

Diet

The diagram illustrates the human digestive system. Which letter indicates the rectum?

Digestive system

The bacterium $\text{Salmonella enterica}$ can lead to severe food poisoning, and the lining of the alimentary canal may be harmed. This harm reduces the absorption of digested food. Which part of the alimentary canal is most affected by this kind of food poisoning?

Absorption

In which region of the alimentary canal is most water absorbed?

Absorption

The diagram illustrates the route taken by water molecules through a leaf and then into the surroundings. mesophyll cell $\rightarrow$ process X $\rightarrow$ air space $\rightarrow$ process Y $\rightarrow$ stomata. Which statements are correct?

Transpiration

Which statement gives the correct description of a species?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram shows blood vessels entering and leaving several organs in the human body. Which row identifies the pulmonary artery and the renal vein?

Blood vessels

When a pathogen gets into the blood, the number of white blood cells rises. Some possible explanations for this are given below. 1 It raises the amount of antibodies. 2 It raises the transport of oxygen. 3 It raises phagocytosis. 4 It raises the number of platelets. Which explanations are correct?

Diseases and immunity

The graph illustrates how waste is disposed of in three cities. Which statement describes waste disposal in all three cities?

Pollution

Which structure is linked directly to the alveoli?

Gas exchange in humans

What chemical equation represents aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration

Which hormone does the pancreas secrete?

Hormones

What is one example of phototropism?

Tropic responses

The graph illustrates how the bacterium Escherichia coli became more or less resistant to two different antibiotics from 2005 to 2023. Which statement best describes the changes from 2005 to 2023?

Selection

During fertilisation, the nuclei of which two structures combine?

Sexual reproduction

Which of these statements about sexual reproduction in plants are correct? 1 In wind-pollinated flowers, the anthers are located inside the flower. 2 In insect-pollinated flowers, pollen grains are large and sticky. 3 In insect-pollinated flowers, the stigma is outside the flower.

Sexual reproduction in plants

The table gives the numbers of animals collected from a woodland sample and the groups they are classified into. What is the total number of arthropods with six or eight legs?

Features of organisms

Which structure occurs in both animals and plants?

Cell structure

What sex chromosomes can be found in a human sperm cell?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

What are alleles composed of?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

The graph illustrates the percentage of a population displaying different phenotypes for one characteristic. Which human characteristic is represented by X?

Variation

The energy transfers in an ecosystem are shown below. Which of these transfers are correct?

Energy flow

Which diagram shows the correct sequence in a food chain?

Food chains and food webs

Which process takes carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere?

Photosynthesis

The graph illustrates the increase in the world’s population over time. Which phase of the growth curve is shown by region P?

Populations

In what way do herbicides increase food production?

Food supply

Which product formed during anaerobic respiration in yeast is used as a biofuel?

Anaerobic respiration

Certain vertebrates have hair on their bodies. Which group do these vertebrates belong to?

Features of organisms

Which statement gives the description of genetic modification?

Genetic modification

The diagram illustrates two guard cells from a leaf. Which labelled structure would also be present in sperm cells?

Cell structure

The photograph depicts part of a root cross-section. The root hair and the xylem belong to the same

Features of organisms

Which equation is correct for calculations that involve image size, actual size and magnification?

Size of specimens

Which of the following statements about diffusion are correct?

Diffusion

What is the term for the process where water passes through a partially permeable membrane?

Osmosis