May/June 2024

Which process do living organisms use to get rid of excess carbon dioxide from their bodies?

Excretion in humans

A student carries out a test on a solution to check for protein. Which row gives the correct food test and a positive result?

Biological molecules

Which statement about enzymes is correct?

Enzymes

Which statement about enzyme action is correct?

Enzymes

The graph presents the findings from an experiment that examined how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. What should the x-axis and y-axis be labelled?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates a cross-section through a leaf. Which kind of cell regulates the entry of carbon dioxide into the leaf?

Leaf structure

The table lists vitamins that ought to be part of a balanced diet. Which row gives the correct function in the body and food source for one of these vitamins?

Diet

Which substance is the ion that is needed to make chlorophyll?

Photosynthesis

What role does the gall bladder have?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates the different kinds of teeth in the upper jaw of a human, arranged in the same sequence as they appear in the jaw. Which type of tooth has been circled?

Physical digestion

A person consumed food X. Chemical digestion of food X took place in the mouth and small intestine, but not in the stomach. What was food X?

Chemical digestion

The photograph depicts an elephant hawk-moth. From the visible features in the photograph, which group of arthropods does the elephant hawk-moth belong to?

Features of organisms

What structures are contained in a vascular bundle?

Xylem and phloem

What route is taken by water from the soil to the leaf?

Xylem and phloem

What methods are used to monitor heart activity?

Heart

The diagrams illustrate four different types of cells. Which of these cells contains haemoglobin?

Blood

In what direct manner can a pathogen be transmitted?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates the breathing system. Which structure is the diaphragm?

Gas exchange in humans

Which word equation shows aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration

Which excretory system diagram is labelled accurately?

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates an iris and a pupil under different lighting conditions. Which characteristic of living organisms does this illustrate?

Characteristics of living organisms

Where is insulin produced, and what effect does it have on blood glucose concentration?

Hormones

What is meant by the term species?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The graph illustrates the number of MRSA cases in one country from 2001 to 2006. Between which years did the number of MRSA cases change the most?

Diseases and immunity

Which row gives the description of an insect-pollinated flower?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What part of the female reproductive system releases egg cells?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What adaptive feature of sperm supplies the energy that allows it to swim?

Adaptive features

How is yeast used in biotechnology?

Biotechnology

Many mammals have coloured fur, and many birds have coloured feathers. Which ways of using colour could increase the chance that males live long enough to pass their features on to their offspring?

Adaptive features

The list contains statements about selection. Which statements are accurate descriptions of natural selection?

Selection

A few of the processes involved in the carbon cycle are shown. In the carbon cycle, which of these processes give off carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

Nutrient cycles

How does sewage pollution affect biodiversity and the number of bacteria in a river?

Pollution

Which gases, when their concentrations rise, contribute to an enhanced greenhouse effect?

Pollution

An animal appears in the image. The length of the animal in the image is $36\,\text{mm}$. The real length of the animal is $12\,\text{mm}$. What magnification does the image have?

Size of specimens

What makes bacteria useful in biotechnology?

Biotechnology

The diagram illustrates a plant cell. Which characteristics indicate that it is a plant cell?

Cell structure

A scientist examines how two kinds of antibiotics affect bacteria. The table presents the findings. Which cell structure is affected by each antibiotic?

Cell structure

The diagram shows a cross-section of an alveolus and a capillary. By what process does carbon dioxide pass from Y to X?

Gas exchange in humans

Which row shows ions diffusing into a cell at the fastest rate?

Diffusion

Large biological molecules consist of smaller molecules. Which row correctly pairs the large molecule with the smaller molecules?

Biological molecules

Yeast, sugar and water are combined in a test tube. The diagrams show the test tube at the beginning and again after one hour. Which process is responsible for this change?

Anaerobic respiration

Iodine solution is added to a food sample containing starch. After the iodine solution has been added, what colour does the sample become?

Biological molecules

Which graph illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Enzymes

Which of these statements about enzymes is correct?

Enzymes

The diagram shows a cross-section of part of a leaf. Which cell regulates the rate at which gas exchange occurs?

Leaf structure

The diagram illustrates two cells. Which process occurs in only one of these cells?

Photosynthesis

Which organ belongs to the digestive system?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates the human alimentary canal. In which part is most digested food absorbed into the blood?

Absorption

In the diagram of a human tooth, which layer corresponds to dentine?

Physical digestion

The diagram depicts a human jaw. Which labelled tooth is an incisor?

Physical digestion

At which location does protease act?

Enzymes

The diagram depicts an animal. Use the key to identify which animal it is.

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which option most accurately defines transpiration?

Transpiration

Which statement gives a description of how blood circulates in the human body?

Circulatory systems

Which method of pathogen transmission is direct?

Diseases and immunity

Which statement gives a description of anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration

Which organ carries out the excretion of urea in the human body?

Excretion in humans

Which part of the eye has light receptors?

Sense organs

Which row indicates the effects of adrenaline secretion?

Hormones

A plant pot lies on its side. Which diagram shows a plant whose roots display gravitropism and whose shoots display phototropism?

Tropic responses

The graph illustrates how the percentage effectiveness of antibiotic F against MRSA bacteria changed from 1980 to 2000. Which conclusion is correct from the graph?

Selection

Which statement gives a description of asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction

Donkeys and zebras belong to separate species. They are able to mate and produce an animal known as a zedonk. Zedonks are infertile. Which statement is correct?

Concept and uses of classification systems

What is the role of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which diagram illustrates fertilisation?

Sexual reproduction

What does HIV mean?

Diseases and immunity

What is meant by the term allele?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

The images depict four animals. Which two animals display adaptive features for life as secondary consumers?

Adaptive features

A gene is introduced into the genetic material of an avocado plant. This gene enables the avocado fruits to remain ripe for a longer period before decomposition begins. What is this process an example of?

Genetic modification

The diagram illustrates a food chain. plant leaf $\rightarrow$ slug $\rightarrow$ frog $\rightarrow$ fox Which terms are used to describe the fox’s position in this food chain?

Food chains and food webs

The carbon cycle includes these processes: combustion decomposition feeding photosynthesis respiration Of these processes, how many cause carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere?

Nutrient cycles

What change takes place when sections of forest are cleared for farming?

Habitat destruction

State one use of ethanol.

Drugs

Crabs are arthropods that have $10$ jointed legs and two pairs of antennae. Which arthropod class do they belong to?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram displays a label taken from a container of biological washing powder. Biological washing powder • operates at low temperatures • includes protease • includes lipase • store out of the reach of children Which stains are removed by the washing powder?

Enzymes

Heart muscle cells have a high metabolic rate. Which structure do they need to be present in large numbers?

Cell structure

The figure depicts a fly. The line $XY$ gives the wing length. The length of line $XY$ is $26\,\text{mm}$. The actual length of the wing from $X$ to $Y$ is $4\,\text{mm}$. What is the magnification of the figure?

Size of specimens

Can you give one example of diffusion?

Diffusion

The diagram depicts apparatus set up to study osmosis. At the beginning of the investigation, the volumes of solutions A, B, C and D were equal. After one hour, the solutions had risen in the glass tubes. Which solution had the highest concentration at the start of the investigation?

Osmosis

Which row gives the correct description of active transport?

Active transport

The diagram illustrates the result of an experiment involving plant seedlings. Which characteristic of living things caused the seedlings to grow towards the light?

Tropic responses

Which statement about biological molecules is correct?

Biological molecules

Enzyme X breaks down starch in the duodenum. Equal amounts of starch suspension and enzyme X were placed into four test-tubes, A, B, C and D. Each test-tube was maintained at a different pH and temperature, as shown in the table. In which test-tube will starch digestion occur most rapidly?

Enzymes

The diagram shows enzyme action in a chemical reaction. Which parts are W, X and Y in this chemical reaction?

Enzymes

Two aquatic plants were put into two test-tubes. Each test-tube was sealed so that no gases could enter or leave. One test-tube was left in the light and the other was kept in the dark. What should be added to the test-tubes to show any difference in gas exchange?

Photosynthesis

In which section of a leaf is the concentration of chloroplasts greatest?

Leaf structure

Which four organs belong to the digestive system?

Digestive system

Which dietary component should be increased in the diet of a person who is suffering from constipation?

Diet

The diagram illustrates a section of the small intestine and a connected blood vessel. What does the arrow show?

Absorption

The diagram depicts the human alimentary canal. Which labelled part absorbs the greatest amount of water?

Absorption

Which statement correctly describes molar teeth?

Physical digestion

What structure or substance can be found in a plant root?

Features of organisms

Which organs carry out physical digestion?

Physical digestion

What substance is formed when lipase acts on fats?

Chemical digestion

In which part of the digestive system are most nutrients absorbed?

Absorption

The diagrams display a cross-section of a root and a cross-section of a stem. In which tissues are amino acids carried?

Translocation

Which diagram shows a cell that is responsible for transporting oxygen?

Blood

Transmissible diseases are spread when a pathogen is transferred from one host to another. Give one example of direct contact.

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates the human breathing system. Which labelled part is surrounded by blood capillaries for gas exchange?

Gas exchange in humans

Which products are formed during aerobic respiration in plants?

Aerobic respiration

The diagram shows several structures linked to human excretion. Which structure removes urea from the body?

Excretion in humans

Which organ releases insulin, and by what means is it carried?

Hormones

The diagram depicts an arthropod. Which arthropod group does it belong to?

Concept and uses of classification systems

In an experiment, bacteria were cultured on agar. Four paper discs, A, B, C and D, were placed on the surface of the agar. Each paper disc contained a different antibiotic. The diagram shows the agar after 48 hours. The clear regions indicate where bacteria are not growing. Which antibiotic do the bacteria show the greatest resistance to?

Diseases and immunity

The list presents secondary sexual characteristics. Which of these are brought about by testosterone?

Sex hormones in humans

The diagram shows a flower viewed from above. Use the key to determine the family it belongs to.

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which statement concerning a heterozygous individual is correct?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Give one example of continuous variation.

Variation

A certain animal species feeds only on plants. What description applies to this animal species?

Diet

In the carbon cycle, which process takes in carbon dioxide?

Nutrient cycles

Which of the following statements about deforestation are correct?

Habitat destruction

Which two gases increase the greenhouse effect?

Pollution

Which row indicates whether the two natural resources are managed sustainably at all times?

Conservation

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in bacterial cells?

Cell structure

Which characteristics make bacteria useful for biotechnology?

Biotechnology and genetic modification

Which cell is specialised for swimming?

Cell structure

A pollen grain was observed under a microscope at $\times 500$ magnification. Its image size was measured to be $75\,\text{mm}$. Which calculation would be used to determine the true size of the pollen grain in millimetres?

Size of specimens

Which graph shows the effect of a rise in temperature on the rate of diffusion?

Diffusion

Which characteristics are true for both osmosis and diffusion?

Diffusion

Which row gives the description of active transport?

Active transport