Feb/March 2024

Which feature is shared by all living organisms?

Characteristics of living organisms

Which reagent is used to test for protein in food?

Biological molecules

The graph illustrates how pH affects the rate of reaction of an enzyme. What does the graph indicate?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates an experiment used to explore the equilibrium between respiration and photosynthesis. In which tube are photosynthesis and respiration occurring simultaneously?

Photosynthesis

Some variegated leaves have white regions and green regions. A plant with variegated leaves has the starch removed from its leaves by keeping it in a dark cupboard for 48 hours. Black paper is then attached to one leaf as shown, and the plant is placed in light. After 24 hours, which part of the leaf contains starch?

Photosynthesis

The diagram depicts a plant cell. What kind of cell is illustrated?

Cell structure

The pie charts illustrate the composition of 100 g of four different foods. Which food gives the greatest amount of energy?

Diet

The diagram illustrates the digestive system together with some organs linked to it. Which label indicates the liver?

Digestive system

Which of the following statements about teeth are correct?

Physical digestion

What is meant by chemical digestion?

Chemical digestion

In which section of the alimentary canal does hydrochloric acid create an acidic pH for enzymes?

Chemical digestion

The diagram illustrates a flowering plant. A key may be used to identify the plant. Which letter in the key matches the flowering plant in the diagram?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which tissue is responsible for giving support to a plant?

Features of organisms

Which graph best represents how transpiration rate changes when wind speed increases?

Transpiration

What causes blood to flow in only one direction in the circulatory system?

Heart

The diagrams present cross-sections of three blood vessels, and they are not to scale. Vessel 3 contains some red blood cells. In what sequence will red blood cells pass through these vessels as they move from the right ventricle to the left atrium of the heart?

Blood vessels

Scientists used an ECG trace to record a student’s heart while resting and while exercising. What explains the difference between the ECG traces?

Heart

Some statements concerning pathogens are shown. Which of these are correct?

Diseases and immunity

Which part of the breathing system has the thinnest wall?

Gas exchange in humans

What substances are produced by aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration

Which products are produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

The following excretory products are given: 1 carbon dioxide, 2 excess ions, 3 excess water, 4 urea. Which of these products are excreted by the kidneys?

Excretion in humans

The drawing depicts a ground squirrel. Which characteristic identifies this animal as a mammal?

Features of organisms

A person comes into contact with a sharp object. The person then quickly withdraws their hand. Which row gives the correct description of the term?

Coordination and response

Which part concentrates light onto the retina?

Sense organs

Which statements refer to adrenaline and its effects on the human body?

Hormones

Which of the following statements about drugs are correct?

Drugs

At what point in the diagram does fertilisation occur?

Sexual reproduction in plants

Pea seeds may be either smooth or wrinkled in shape. The allele for smooth is dominant, whereas the allele for wrinkled is recessive. Two heterozygous plants are crossed. What percentage of the offspring would be expected to have a smooth shape?

Monohybrid inheritance

Which human phenotype is determined only by genes?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

What is the correct definition in ecology?

Populations

Which action would reduce the population of an endangered animal species in a habitat?

Populations

Which row identifies two reasons that bacteria are used in genetic modification?

Genetic modification

The diagram depicts several kinds of cell. Which structure is found in all of these cells?

Cell structure

Which row indicates uses of genetic modification?

Genetic modification

The insect drawing shown is enlarged by a magnification of $\times 5$. The scale given uses $\text{mm}$. What is the real size of the insect?

Size of specimens

Which condition would cause oxygen molecules to diffuse out of a photosynthesising leaf more quickly?

Diffusion

Which process involves only the movement of water across a cell’s partially permeable membrane?

Osmosis

Which of the following statements about active transport is correct?

Active transport

DCPIP may be used to check food for vitamin C. Because lemon juice contains vitamin C, what results are obtained when lemon juice is tested with DCPIP?

Biological molecules

Which characteristic of living organisms is shown by gas exchange occurring in the alveoli?

Characteristics of living organisms

Which row identifies the elements present in a carbohydrate molecule?

Biological molecules

Which row gives the name of the large molecule and the smaller molecules that combine to form it?

Biological molecules

The graph illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which statements about the enzyme and substrate at temperatures 1 and 2 are correct?

Enzymes

During an investigation, the rate of photosynthesis in a plant is measured at several temperatures. The investigation is done at three different light intensities. The results are shown. What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X?

Photosynthesis

Which ions are used by plants to produce amino acids?

Biological molecules

The diagram presents a cross-section of part of a leaf. Which structure is the cuticle?

Leaf structure

Insufficient nutrition can result in a condition known as rickets, where bones do not develop correctly. The table lists some minerals and vitamins contained in four foods. Which food would be the most suitable for a child with rickets?

Diet

Which food group is chemically digested in the mouth, moves through the stomach and is then further chemically digested in the small intestine?

Chemical digestion

Which row concerning bile is correct?

Physical digestion

Most digested food is absorbed in the small intestine. The small intestine contains many villi. Some features of villi are shown here. Which of these statements about the villi are important for the efficient absorption of glucose?

Absorption

The diagram illustrates how \textit{Homo sapiens} (modern humans) may have evolved from earlier ancestors. Which statement about modern humans and their ancestors is correct?

Selection

Which of these statements about xylem vessels are correct?

Xylem and phloem

Dodder is a plant that lives on other plants known as hosts. The dodder plant joins to the host’s vascular bundles. The dodder plant lacks green leaves and roots. Which statement correctly describes the regions involved in translocation?

Translocation

The diagram illustrates part of the human circulatory system. Which structure is the hepatic vein?

Blood vessels

What is one characteristic of passive immunity?

Diseases and immunity

The graph illustrates the variation in an athlete’s breathing rate. What is responsible for the response during time period Y?

Aerobic respiration

These are processes that happen in plants. 1. active transport 2. cell division 3. osmosis 4. transpiration Which of the processes require energy from respiration?

Respiration

What balanced equation represents anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

Which labelled organ has a major role in the assimilation of amino acids by changing them into proteins?

Digestive system

A toxin with a shape identical to that of a neurotransmitter stops muscle contraction. Which statement accounts for the toxin stopping muscle contraction?

Coordination and response

The diagram illustrates the structure of the human eye. Which labelled part bends light as it enters the eye?

Sense organs

What is one feature shared by both insects and arachnids?

Features of organisms

A patient is given an injection of adrenaline. Which graph shows the expected changes in pulse rate and blood glucose concentration?

Hormones

The diagram illustrates the shoot and root of a seedling as they respond to gravity. Which row indicates where auxin builds up and the resulting effect in the shoot?

Tropic responses

Which factors would raise the likelihood of antibiotic resistance developing?

Selection

What is one benefit of using asexual reproduction in crop plants?

Asexual reproduction

The graphs show the concentrations of four hormones in the blood that are involved in controlling the menstrual cycle. Which line shows FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)?

Sex hormones in humans

The mitotic index of a tissue is the proportion of cells in the tissue that are undergoing division by mitosis. The table gives details about two tissue samples, X and Y. Which statement is correct?

Mitosis

Fruit flies may have either red eyes or white eyes. This is a sex-linked characteristic, and the gene controlling eye colour is found on the X chromosome. The allele for red eyes ($R$) is dominant over the allele for white eyes ($r$). A fruit fly with genotype $X^R X^r$ was crossed with a fruit fly with genotype $X^R Y$. What percentage of the offspring will have red eyes?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which of the following statements about variation is correct?

Variation

Which row indicates part of the nitrogen cycle?

Nutrient cycles

If \\textit{in vitro} fertilisation (IVF) is used in captive breeding programmes, the following steps happen. 1. The egg cell is fertilised. 2. The egg cell is taken from an ovary. 3. The embryo is placed into the uterus. 4. The sperm cells are introduced. What is the correct sequence for these steps?

Sexual reproduction

An animal that swims, has a backbone and makes milk belongs to which group?

Features of organisms

The diagram illustrates a bacterial cell. Which cell structure is useful for genetic modification?

Biotechnology and genetic modification

Inside which cell structure does aerobic respiration take place?

Aerobic respiration

Which formula gives the correct method for calculating the actual size of an object?

Size of specimens

What is one reason that oxygen diffuses from an alveolus in the lungs into the blood?

Gas exchange in humans

The diagram shows two plant cells. Which statement explains what will happen to the water inside the cells?

Osmosis

Which row gives the correct description of active transport?

Active transport

Join each component to its function or functions by drawing four lines.

Blood

Fig. 2.1 displays a section of a strawberry tree.

Concept and uses of classification systems

Using the information in Fig. 3.1, predict which plant, A or B, will have the lowest rate of photosynthesis. Explain your prediction.

Photosynthesis

The eye is a [BLANK] organ. The eye is formed from a group of [BLANK]. The [BLANK] cells in the retina detect light.

Sense organs

Fig. 5.1 illustrates a food web taken from a desert ecosystem.

Food chains and food webs

Fig. 6.1 presents the worldwide total mass of plastics waste generated since 2000 and the destination of that plastic. The figures for 2020 to 2050 are projections and appear as dashed lines on Fig. 6.1.

Pollution

Describe what the term gene means.

Biotechnology and genetic modification

Enzymes function as catalysts.

Enzymes

On Fig. 2.1, mark the right ventricle with an R.

Heart

State the name of the growth response shown by the plant shoot in Fig. 3.1.

Tropic responses

Fig. 4.1 illustrates the concentrations of female sex hormones during the menstrual cycle.

Sex hormones in humans

Fig. 5.1 shows a section of a monkey flower plant.

Sexual reproduction in plants

Explain how phytoplankton reduce carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.

Energy flow