May/June 2023

What features are shared by all organisms?

Characteristics of living organisms

What characteristic is shared by all enzymes?

Enzymes

Which substance is the substrate for enzyme X?

Enzymes

An investigation is arranged to examine gas exchange in aquatic plants. The hydrogencarbonate indicator solution is orange at the beginning. What colour is it after three hours?

Photosynthesis

What features make most leaves suitable for photosynthesis?

Leaf structure

The haemoglobin concentration in a person's blood is $80\,\text{g dm}^{-3}$. The accepted normal concentration is $120\,\text{g dm}^{-3}$ or higher. Which substance might be missing from their diet?

Diet

Which one of the statements about physical digestion is correct?

Physical digestion

Solid food is taken into the mouth at P and moves into the oesophagus at Q. In what way is the food at Q different from the food at P?

Physical digestion

Which row identifies the roles of xylem and phloem?

Xylem and phloem

What effect does the absence of root hairs have on a plant?

Water uptake

Which statements explain how the structures in the circulatory system work?

Circulatory systems

The golden eagle has the scientific name \emph{Aquila chrysaetos}. What is the genus of the golden eagle?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram depicts a cross-section of the heart. Which part represents the septum?

Heart

Give one example of good personal hygiene when working in the kitchen.

Diseases and immunity

Through what route does expired air move as it leaves the body?

Gas exchange in humans

The diagram illustrates the activity of some yeast cells in a sugar solution. Which statement explains what occurs to the limewater?

Anaerobic respiration

What is the word equation that represents aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration

Which body part removes urea, surplus water and surplus ions from the body?

Excretion in humans

The diagram displays the kidneys and linked organs. Which label identifies the ureter?

Excretion in humans

What is the term for the junction connecting two neurones?

Coordination and response

Which of the following statements about adrenaline is correct?

Hormones

Which words finish the statements? The name for plant growth in the direction of light is ......1...... . If a plant shoot grows towards a light source, this shows a ......2...... to light. Light is the ......3...... .

Tropic responses

The diagram presents four arthropods. How many of the four are insects?

Features of organisms

Which of the following statements about antibiotics are correct?

Drugs

Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is correct?

Sexual reproduction

In which row is the statement about asexual reproduction correct?

Asexual reproduction

What term is used for a length of DNA that codes for a protein?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

A man has three sons. What is the probability that his next child will be a daughter?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which term describes a genetic change?

Variation

The diagram illustrates energy moving from the Sun, via a food chain, and then into the environment. What form of energy does each numbered arrow represent?

Energy flow

In a pyramid of numbers, what does the apex of the pyramid represent?

Food chains and food webs

Several yeast cells were introduced into a container holding nutrient solution. The graph illustrates how their population size changed with time. Which row indicates the phases numbered on the graph during which the reproduction rate was higher than the death rate?

Populations

The bloodworm is an organism found in water that is heavily polluted. The diagram illustrates the point at which raw sewage enters a river. Where would the number of bloodworms be lowest?

Pollution

Which row identifies structures found in both root hair cells and palisade mesophyll cells?

Cell structure

Which statement concerning genetic modification is correct?

Genetic modification

The diagram presents a cell at $\times 1500$ magnification. What is the cell's real size?

Size of specimens

The diagram shows a test-tube filled with clear jelly. A drop of blue ink is injected into the centre of the jelly. The blue colour from the ink then spreads all through the jelly. By what process does the blue ink spread through the jelly?

Diffusion

The diagram illustrates part of the apparatus used for an osmosis investigation. In this investigation, a dialysis tubing bag was filled with sucrose solution, sealed, and weighed. The dialysis tubing bag was then placed in distilled water for one hour. After one hour, the dialysis tubing bag was taken out of the beaker, its surface was dried, and the bag was weighed again. Which row describes what will happen during the investigation?

Osmosis

Which row gives the description of active transport of ions?

Active transport

The diagram illustrates part of a protein molecule. What is X showing?

Biological molecules

Animals that are alive release carbon dioxide. This is an example of which life process?

Respiration

Which processes rely on enzyme action?

Enzymes

Which diagram showing an enzyme, active site and substrate is correct?

Enzymes

Four test tubes are arranged as illustrated. After one hour, which test tube has the smallest amount of carbon dioxide?

Photosynthesis

Which row identifies the uses of some carbohydrates in plants?

Biological molecules

The absence of which component of a balanced diet will cause scurvy to develop?

Diet

Which part is the duodenum?

Digestive system

The label comes from a cereal packet. It may be useful to a person who is thinking about their diet. A person eats 45 g of cereal. One of the food types shown on the label can help to prevent constipation. How many grams of this food type does the person eat?

Diet

What route is followed by water through a plant?

Xylem and phloem

Which row gives the transpiration rate under the conditions described?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates the human heart. Which label indicates the left ventricle?

Heart

A few statements about species are shown below. Which of these statements are correct?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which row indicates the characteristics of an artery or a vein?

Blood vessels

What features do gas exchange surfaces in animals possess?

Gas exchange in humans

Which chemical may be used to indicate the presence of carbon dioxide gas?

Respiration

The diagram shows gas exchange during breathing and respiration in the body. What does X represent?

Gas exchange in humans

Which molecule is formed during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates the human body and some of its organs. Which structure removes urea from the blood?

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates the structures in a reflex arc. What is X?

Coordination and response

Variations in light intensity lead to changes in the diameter of the pupil in the eye. Which rows show the pupil reflex?

Sense organs

A hormone is injected into a person in order to lower their blood glucose concentration. Which endocrine gland is failing to function correctly in someone who requires this injection?

Hormones

The table indicates which antibiotics work against the various kinds of bacteria. The shaded sections indicate that the antibiotic is effective against that category of bacteria. A person has an illness caused by one type of $\text{Streptococcus}$ bacterium and a second infection caused by one type of $\text{Pseudomonas}$ bacterium. Which antibiotic should be taken?

Drugs

The table displays some characteristics of various animals. Which of the animals is a reptile?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram illustrates one method by which a plant can reproduce. What is a characteristic of this kind of reproduction?

Asexual reproduction

Which human characteristics are passed on by inheritance?

Variation

In a sperm cell, which structure has enzymes able to break down the jelly coat surrounding an egg cell?

Cell structure

During breeding, which pair of parents would be pure-breeding for a specific characteristic?

Monohybrid inheritance

In pea plants, the allele for round seeds, R, is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds, r. If plants with genotype Rr are crossed, what proportions of offspring are likely?

Monohybrid inheritance

Which definition correctly describes continuous variation?

Variation

What term is used for an organism that manufactures its own organic nutrients?

Characteristics of living organisms

What is the chief source of energy in most food chains?

Food chains and food webs

A single tree provides food for a very large number of caterpillars. A number of small birds feed on the caterpillars. These small birds are then eaten by a bird of prey. Which diagram represents the pyramid of biomass?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram presents the findings of a survey into the kinds of animals found along a section of river close to a factory. Which animal lives in water that is least polluted?

Pollution

Which structures occur in the cells of all living organisms?

Cell structure

Bacteria are valuable in the manufacture of products for people to use. Which statement explains why this is the case?

Biotechnology

A sketch of a human red blood cell is displayed. On the sketch, line XY measures $40\,\text{mm}$. The cell’s actual width is $0.008\,\text{mm}$. What is the magnification of the sketch?

Size of specimens

Which statements are true for both diffusion and osmosis?

Diffusion

What is one function of water in digestion?

Chemical digestion

The concentration of sodium ions in the soil is lower than the concentration inside root hair cells. Which process is used when sodium ions move into root hair cells from the soil?

Active transport

The diagram shows a protein molecule. What do the tiny circles represent?

Biological molecules

Excretion, sensitivity and reproduction are characteristics of what?

Characteristics of living organisms

What characteristic do all catalysts have?

Enzymes

This series of diagrams illustrates how an enzyme functions. Which labelled part is the active site?

Enzymes

Four test-tubes are arranged as shown and left in bright sunlight. After several hours, which test-tube has the greatest amount of oxygen?

Photosynthesis

Which statement concerning photosynthesis is correct?

Photosynthesis

In humans, which two dietary components can be broken down to release energy?

Diet

Which structure is located in the small intestine?

Digestive system

Which of the following is broken down by protease?

Enzymes

A stem was removed from a plant. Its lower end was put into a beaker that contained water and a red stain for two hours. The diagram shows a transverse section of the plant stem. In which tissue would the red stain be present, and what is the tissue called?

Xylem and phloem

Which two processes lead to transpiration in plant leaves?

Transpiration

The diagram shows part of the human heart. Which label shows the right ventricle?

Heart

The photograph depicts an organism. Which observable feature could be used to classify this organism as a bird?

Features of organisms

The diagrams show cross-sections of three kinds of blood vessel. They are not drawn to scale. In what sequence will red blood cells pass through these vessels in the human body as they travel from the aorta to the right atrium of the heart?

Blood vessels

In some animals, gas exchange takes place across the skin. Which features are most likely to be found in the skin of these animals?

Diffusion

The diagram depicts an alveolus and part of a blood vessel. The arrows indicate the direction in which gases move. Which arrows show oxygen only and carbon dioxide only?

Gas exchange in humans

Which row concerning aerobic respiration is correct?

Aerobic respiration

What substance is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

In the diagram of the excretory system, which part represents the urethra?

Excretion in humans

The diagram shows seedlings in two experiments on the tropic response of seedlings to gravity and light. To which stimuli have the seedlings responded?

Tropic responses

The diagram depicts a wind-pollinated flower. Which labels indicate the stigma and anther?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What is the name of the process in which a pollen nucleus fuses with the nucleus in an ovule?

Sexual reproduction in plants

At puberty, the release of hormones results in the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Which characteristic is brought about by the secretion of testosterone?

Sex hormones in humans

The diagram depicts an arthropod. Which features are characteristic of all arthropods?

Features of organisms

What type of organism is responsible for AIDS?

Diseases and immunity

The graph plots the frequency of a human characteristic, X. Which characteristics might X represent?

Variation

Which row lists some of the features involved in natural selection?

Selection

Which of the following statements is correct?

Characteristics of living organisms

In one mammal species, black fur colour is dominant, whereas brown fur colour is recessive. Two black-furred parents have offspring, and all of the first group of young are black-furred. Later in the same year, these same parents have more offspring. One of the new offspring has brown fur. Which statement about fur colour is correct?

Monohybrid inheritance

What is one example of a human characteristic that displays discontinuous variation?

Variation

From where does the energy transferred through a food chain first come?

Energy flow

Which diagram illustrates energy transfer through a food chain?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram presents a pyramid of biomass for every organism in an ecosystem. Which organisms are carnivores?

Food chains and food webs

Three human activities are shown. 1 burning fossil fuels 2 deforestation 3 replanting forests Which of these activities could lead to the change illustrated by the graph?

Pollution

Which of these statements about cell structure is correct?

Cell structure

Give one reason why bacteria are used in biotechnology.

Biotechnology

The photograph depicts a limpet. On the image, line PQ measures 65 mm. The image is magnified by $\times 2.5$. Calculate the actual diameter of the limpet along line PQ.

Size of specimens

Through which process does oxygen move out of a leaf?

Diffusion

A tuber taken from a potato plant was cut into sections of equal length. The potato sections were then left in four different solutions for three hours. 1 pure water 2 a sugar solution that is less concentrated than the contents of the potato cells 3 a sugar solution that is more concentrated than the contents of the potato cells 4 a sugar solution that has the same concentration as the contents of the potato cells Which of the solutions will make the potato sections change in length?

Osmosis

Which row indicates the characteristics of active transport?

Active transport

Four separate foods were tested to determine what they contained. The outcomes are shown in the table. Which food has protein but does not have reducing sugar or starch?

Biological molecules