Oct/Nov 2022

Which process gives an organism the raw materials necessary for tissue repair?

Chemical digestion

Which statement correctly describes an enzyme-catalysed reaction?

Enzymes

The graph illustrates how temperature affects the activity of an enzyme. At which temperature is the enzyme most active?

Enzymes

The substances listed below are present in a plant leaf. Which substance comes from the soil?

Xylem and phloem

Which row indicates what is required for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis

Which organ produces hydrochloric acid?

Digestive system

Which statements accurately describe the process of dental decay?

Diseases and immunity

A piece of bread starts to taste sweet after it is mixed with saliva and chewed for several minutes. Which substance in saliva is responsible for this change?

Enzymes

The diagram shows a bean seedling shortly after germination. In which part is most water taken in?

Water uptake

During transpiration, which process takes place?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates the external surface of a human heart. Which structure is a coronary artery?

Heart

What name is used for a group of organisms that are able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram shows a part of a human vein. What is the role of the part labelled X?

Blood vessels

Campylobacter is a bacterium that can lead to food poisoning. Which term describes Campylobacter?

Features of organisms

What is the approximate oxygen percentage in expired air?

Gas exchange in humans

Which row identifies processes that all make use of energy released by respiration?

Respiration

What word equation represents anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

Which substances are eliminated from the human body?

Excretion in humans

What sequence of structures does a nerve impulse pass through in a reflex action?

Coordination and response

Which structure can decrease the amount of light that enters the eye?

Sense organs

The diagram shows a cross-section of human skin. What are the structures indicated by X, Y and Z?

Sense organs

Why might a disease fail to be cured using antibiotics?

Drugs

An animal has four legs, hair, and a tail. Which group of vertebrates does it belong to?

Features of organisms

Which statement accounts for the greater chance of being involved in an accident after drinking too much alcohol?

Drugs

The table gives the conditions under which four seed samples were stored. Which sample would germinate?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram illustrates a cross-section through a flower. During pollination, which labelled part releases the pollen, and which labelled part takes in the pollen?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What does the term natural method of birth control mean?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which row gives the results of meiosis?

Meiosis

In a plant species, the allele for red flower colour, R, is dominant over the allele for yellow flower colour, r. What flower colour would the offspring show from a cross between a parent with genotype Rr and a parent with genotype rr?

Monohybrid inheritance

What conditions are required for natural selection to occur?

Selection

The diagram illustrates a woodland food web. Which organisms are secondary consumers?

Food chains and food webs

Which statement defines a population?

Populations

Biological washing powders are able to remove stains from clothes. What must be included in a washing powder in order to remove an oil stain from a t-shirt?

Enzymes

Root hair cells occur on plant roots. Which feature can be found in a root hair cell but not in a sperm cell?

Cell structure

The diagram illustrates a sewage treatment process. What structure is X?

Pollution

The diagram shows a cross-section of part of a leaf. Which type of cell carries out the greatest amount of photosynthesis?

Leaf structure

A plant cell is observed through a microscope at a magnification of $\times 500$. The cell image measures $20\,\text{mm}$ in width. What is the cell's actual width?

Size of specimens

Particles can pass into and out of cells by diffusion. Which statement about diffusion is correct?

Diffusion

Different concentrations of sucrose solution were used to soak potato cylinders for an equal length of time. The potato cylinders’ masses were measured both before and after they were immersed in the solutions. The findings are shown in the table. Which potato cylinder was placed in the solution with the greatest sucrose concentration?

Osmosis

What chemical is used to check whether protein is present in a food sample?

Biological molecules

Which process supplies an organism with the raw materials required for tissue repair?

Absorption

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Enzymes

The graph illustrates how temperature affects the activity of an enzyme. At which temperature does the enzyme show the greatest activity?

Enzymes

The substances in the list are present in a plant leaf. Which substance is absorbed from the soil?

Water uptake

The diagram illustrates an experiment designed to determine whether carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis. The plant is left in darkness for 48 hours so that any starch is removed. It is then arranged in the light, as shown. After 10 hours, leaves X and Y are tested for starch. What result is expected?

Photosynthesis

The diagram presents a cross-section of a human tooth. Which row correctly identifies the labels on the diagram?

Digestive system

Which of the following statements is correct?

Characteristics of living organisms

In which part of the alimentary canal is most water absorbed?

Absorption

The diagram depicts a bean seedling shortly after germination. In which part is most water absorbed?

Water uptake

During transpiration, which process takes place?

Transpiration

The diagram shows the external surface of a human heart. Which structure is a coronary artery?

Heart

What term is used for a group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram depicts part of a human vein. What is the function of the structure labelled X?

Blood vessels

Campylobacter is a bacterium that can lead to food poisoning. Which term is used to describe Campylobacter?

Concept and uses of classification systems

What is the approximate percentage of oxygen present in expired air?

Gas exchange in humans

Which process could carry on without energy supplied by respiration?

Diffusion

Which row identifies the products of anaerobic respiration in humans and yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

A person consumes food that contains proteins. Some of the amino acids from these proteins are changed into urea and removed from the body. proteins $\xrightarrow{1}$ amino acids $\xrightarrow{2}$ urea $\xrightarrow{3}$ urine. Which row shows the sites of processes 1, 2 and 3?

Excretion in humans

Which structure in the eye refracts light?

Sense organs

Which hormone makes breathing rate rise, increases heart rate and causes pupils to become wider?

Hormones

Which row correctly describes tropic responses?

Tropic responses

How is a drug defined?

Drugs

A creature has four legs, hair, and a tail. To which vertebrate group does it belong?

Features of organisms

What takes place during fertilisation?

Sexual reproduction

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in human males?

Sex hormones in humans

The diagrams illustrate four methods of birth control. What do barrier methods of birth control mean?

Sexual reproduction in humans

For one plant species, the allele for red-coloured fruit is dominant and is shown by the letter $R$. The allele for white-coloured fruit is recessive and is shown by the letter $r$. Two plants that are heterozygous for fruit colour are crossed. Which genotypes could the offspring plants have from this cross?

Monohybrid inheritance

Which human phenotype displays discontinuous variation?

Variation

What factors can raise genetic variation in a species?

Variation

The diagram illustrates part of the carbon cycle. Which processes decrease or raise the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Nutrient cycles

The diagram illustrates a food chain: rose bush $\rightarrow$ aphids $\rightarrow$ ladybirds $\rightarrow$ spiders. A disease caused the number of ladybirds to fall. What would be the most likely effect of this on the numbers of aphids and spiders?

Food chains and food webs

The block at the foot of each pyramid shows the number of producers. In which pyramid of numbers are tertiary consumers more numerous than secondary consumers?

Food chains and food webs

Corn that was genetically engineered to resist pests was developed during the 1990s. The graph illustrates how the percentage of corn grown that was genetically engineered changed, together with the change in the mass of chemical insecticides used. Which statement describes the data shown in the graph between 1996 and 2013?

Genetic modification

Root hair cells are located on plant roots. Which feature is present in a root hair cell, but absent from a sperm cell?

Cell structure

What are some undesirable effects of deforestation?

Habitat destruction

The cells named below possess specialised structures that enable them to perform their roles. 1 ciliated cell 2 nerve cell 3 root cortex cell 4 sperm cell Which cells contain structures that are able to move?

Cell structure

A cell was observed using a microscope. The actual length of the cell is $0.025\,\text{mm}$. The magnification of the image is $\times 400$. What is the image length of the cell?

Size of specimens

A plant’s roots were put into a red dye solution. After $24$ hours, a piece of root and a piece of leaf were removed from the plant. In which tissues would the red dye be seen?

Xylem and phloem

Which row lists the characteristics of osmosis in cells?

Osmosis

Which chemical is used to check whether protein is present in a food sample?

Biological molecules

Which process supplies an organism with the raw materials required for tissue repair?

Absorption

This equation represents the digestion of protein into amino acids. $\text{protein} \xrightarrow{\text{protease}} \text{amino acids}$ In this equation, what does protease mean?

Enzymes

The graph illustrates how temperature affects the activity of an enzyme. At what temperature is the enzyme most active?

Enzymes

The substances shown below are present in a plant's leaf. Which substance comes from the soil?

Water uptake

State the word equation for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

What is the sequence of the processes that occur when food is consumed?

Digestive system

Dental decay happens when bacteria decompose sugars and form acids. In what sequence are the parts of the teeth harmed by acid?

Digestive system

Where does most digested food get absorbed?

Absorption

The diagram depicts a bean seedling shortly after germination. In which part is most water absorbed?

Water uptake

During transpiration, which process takes place?

Transpiration

The diagram shows the exterior of a human heart. Which part is a coronary artery?

Blood vessels

What term is used for a group of organisms that are able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram illustrates part of a human vein. What is the function of the structure labelled X?

Blood vessels

Campylobacter is a bacterium capable of causing food poisoning. Which term describes Campylobacter?

Features of organisms

Approximately what percentage of oxygen is present in expired air?

Gas exchange in humans

Which processes make use of the energy released by respiration?

Respiration

What word equation represents anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Anaerobic respiration

Which statement concerning how urea is formed is correct?

Excretion in humans

A person goes from a place with dim light into a place with bright light. What happens to the pupils in the person’s eyes?

Sense organs

Which endocrine gland releases insulin?

Hormones

What factors influence the growth of plants?

Photosynthesis

The table presents the recommended daily amounts (RDA) of certain nutrients for a person who has special dietary needs, together with the amounts of those nutrients they actually consume. If the person kept eating the same amounts of these nutrients each day, what condition would they be at risk of developing?

Diet

An animal has four legs, hair and a tail. Which vertebrate group does it belong to?

Concept and uses of classification systems

What could be one possible sequence of events during labour and birth?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The graph illustrates how testosterone production decreases in some men as they grow older. At what age does testosterone production reach $50$ arbitrary units?

Sex hormones in humans

Which barrier contraceptive method in the table is the most effective?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram shows the processes involved in sexual reproduction. Which processes are shown by the letters P, Q and R?

Sexual reproduction

A fruit grower is aiming to produce a new fig tree that is resistant to disease and has more tasty fruit. She cross-pollinates two fig trees and plants the seeds obtained. From the seedlings, she selects the strongest plant and then takes cuttings from it. These cuttings develop into trees that are genetically identical to the selected plant. Which processes are involved?

Asexual reproduction

The graph illustrates the frequency of the human characteristic X. Which characteristics could X represent?

Variation

The letters H, J, K and L represent the organisms in a simple food web. Which row correctly identifies the kinds of organism shown in the food web?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates a section of the water cycle. Which row names the various parts of the water cycle?

Nutrient cycles

Elk are mammals, and they are herbivores. The graph shows the total number of elk in a national park from 1978 to 2008. What is one possible explanation for the change in the elk population between 1978 and 1992?

Populations

The diagram illustrates part of the carbon cycle. The arrowheads have been left out of the diagram, so the direction in which carbon moves is not shown. How many arrows need to be directed towards the box labelled carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Nutrient cycles

Root hair cells occur on plant roots. Which structure is found in a root hair cell but not in a sperm cell?

Cell structure

What are the harmful effects of deforestation?

Habitat destruction

What is one example of a tissue?

Cell structure

The drawing displays a leaf that has been produced at a magnification of $\times 7$. The length indicated is $98\ \text{mm}$. What was the leaf's actual length?

Size of specimens

Which statement refers to osmosis?

Osmosis

Which row gives the description of active transport?

Active transport

Which chemical is used to test whether a food sample contains protein?

Biological molecules