May/June 2022

All living organisms obtain energy by breaking down nutrient molecules inside their cells. What is this characteristic called?

Characteristics of living organisms

A set of terms used to refer to enzyme-controlled reactions is shown below. 1 catalyst 2 product 3 protein 4 substrate Which of these terms are used to describe an enzyme?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates two food tests being performed on solution X. Test 1: When Biuret solution is added to solution X, a purple colour is produced. Test 2: When Benedict’s solution is added to solution X and the mixture is heated, a red colour is produced. Which nutrients are present in solution X?

Biological molecules

Which chemical produced during photosynthesis leaves a green leaf via its stomata?

Photosynthesis

Which tissues occur in vascular bundles?

Xylem and phloem

What is the nutritional role of fibre in humans?

Diet

In which region of the alimentary canal does ingestion occur?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates the human alimentary canal, with a string labelled in metres alongside it. What is the length of the small intestine?

Digestive system

A stem from a non-woody plant is put into water with a red dye added. After one day, a cross-section of the stem is viewed under a microscope. Which tissue has become red-stained?

Xylem and phloem

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of a leaf. From which cell does most water evaporate during transpiration?

Transpiration

The diagram shows a transverse section of a mammal’s heart. Which row correctly names P, Q and R?

Heart

The horse, $\textit{Equus ferus}$, and the donkey, $\textit{Equus asinus}$, can interbreed. Their offspring is known as a mule. Which statement is correct?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which process proceeds more slowly than usual in a person with a very low platelet count?

Blood

The body has a number of defence mechanisms that protect it from disease. Which defence mechanism is a chemical barrier?

Diseases and immunity

A person lives in a climate where the air contains very little water vapour. Which row gives the correct comparison between inspired air and expired air for this person?

Gas exchange in humans

The substances taking part in aerobic respiration are shown below. 1 carbon dioxide 2 glucose 3 oxygen 4 water Which of these substances are consumed in aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates oxygen uptake by germinating seeds at two different temperatures. At what time is the oxygen uptake at $20\,^\circ\text{C}$ four times as great as that at $10\,^\circ\text{C}$?

Aerobic respiration

An individual produced $1.75\,\text{dm}^3$ of urine on a cool day. What would happen to the volume and concentration of the urine on a hot day, assuming the fluid intake stays the same as on the cool day?

Homeostasis

Which hormone is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Hormones

Which organ senses changes in the body’s internal temperature and coordinates the response?

Homeostasis

Which statement gives the description of the plant response called phototropism?

Tropic responses

Why is drinking excessive alcohol before a person operates machinery or drives a vehicle discouraged?

Drugs

The diagram depicts an organism. Which kind of arthropod is this organism?

Concept and uses of classification systems

State one example of sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction

The diagram represents a cross-section of an insect-pollinated flower. Which label indicates the stigma?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The effectiveness of several birth control methods was investigated in one country. The graph presents the findings of the investigation. Which type of birth control is the most effective in this study?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The shape of a bird’s beak is determined by genes inherited from parent birds by their offspring. What example is this?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

A student used a diagram to describe the inheritance of sex in humans. Which statements should she choose to fill boxes 1 and 2?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which statement concerning selective breeding is accurate?

Selection

Which process relies on the principal source of energy input to biological systems?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates the water cycle. Four separate processes are labelled with numbers. Which row correctly identifies the processes?

Nutrient cycles

A herd of red deer lives in a forest that also has snakes and many different kinds of birds. Which group of organisms is an example of a population?

Populations

Which process uses a genetically engineered organism?

Genetic modification

The diagram shows a cross-section of two guard cells in a leaf. Which labelled structures would also be present in an animal cell?

Cell structure

The food web illustrates the feeding relationships in a woodland. If all the chaffinches in the food web die, what effect would this have?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram shows a cross-section of a leaf. Which label indicates a tissue?

Leaf structure

In a soil sample, a student discovered four different worms and made diagrams of them. The diagrams were produced at different magnifications. Which worm had the greatest length?

Size of specimens

Which statement gives the net movement of particles in diffusion?

Diffusion

The diagram shows a cross-section of a mesophyll cell in a leaf. Which structure is partially permeable?

Cell structure

Which smaller basic units form starch and glycogen molecules?

Biological molecules

Every living organism obtains energy by breaking down nutrient molecules inside its cells. What is the name of this characteristic?

Characteristics of living organisms

Enzymes are made of what type of molecule?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates two food tests being performed on solution X. In Test 1, biuret solution is added and a purple colour is formed. In Test 2, Benedict’s solution is used and, after heating, a red colour is produced. Which nutrients are present in solution X?

Diet

Which chemical is produced during photosynthesis and leaves a green leaf through its stomata?

Photosynthesis

In a leaf, water travels from the surface of a mesophyll cell and then leaves the leaf into the atmosphere. What is the correct sequence of the processes involved?

Transpiration

The table lists several components in a balanced diet. Which row correctly pairs the components with the reasons why they are needed?

Diet

Which procedure involves material being removed from the rectum?

Digestive system

The diagram displays the human alimentary canal, with a string labelled in metres next to it. What is the length of the small intestine?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of part of a plant. Which part of the plant is shown, and what tissue is labelled H?

Leaf structure

The apparatus illustrated can be used to study how temperature and humidity affect the rate of transpiration. Which combination of conditions would produce the highest rate of transpiration and the largest fall in mass?

Transpiration

Which row accurately matches the blood vessels with what they do?

Blood vessels

Which two levels of classification are included in an organism’s scientific name when the binomial system is used?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which process takes longer than usual in a person who has very few platelets?

Blood

Which disease is brought about by a pathogen?

Diseases and immunity

The photographs indicate a positive result for the presence of carbon dioxide gas. Which reagent is being used in the test tube?

Respiration

What word equation represents anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

A student used this apparatus to investigate the rate of aerobic respiration in woodlice. Which statement describes and explains the way the coloured liquid moves as the woodlice are respiring?

Aerobic respiration

Which organ removes urea from the body?

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates a simple reflex arc. What function does the part labelled P have?

Coordination and response

Which endocrine gland secretes insulin?

Hormones

In which part of the body are the receptors that detect blood temperature located?

Homeostasis

The graph illustrates the link between deaths from lung cancer and the number of cigarettes smoked each day. Cigarettes contain tobacco. Which statement is a possible conclusion from the data shown on the graph?

Drugs

The diagram shows an arthropod that lives on land. Which group of arthropods does this animal belong to?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The statements are about reproduction. Which of the statements are about sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction

What is the term for the ball of cells that forms shortly after fertilisation in humans?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram illustrates sex inheritance in humans. A male and a female have one daughter. What is the probability that their next child will be female?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

For rabbits, the allele for dark fur, $R$, is dominant over the allele for white fur, $r$. The diagram illustrates a cross between one rabbit with dark fur and one rabbit with white fur. What are the genotypes of the parents?

Monohybrid inheritance

The graph illustrates the range of heights seen among people in a human population. Which row matches the variation displayed by the graph?

Variation

Which statement concerning selective breeding is true?

Selection

Which process makes use of the main source of energy entering biological systems?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates part of the carbon cycle. Which process is represented by the arrows marked X?

Nutrient cycles

A herd of red deer live in a forest that also contains snakes and many different types of birds. Which group of organisms is an example of a population?

Populations

Which process uses a genetically engineered organism?

Genetic modification

The diagram shows a cross-section of two guard cells in a leaf. Which labelled structures would also be present in an animal cell?

Cell structure

The food web illustrates the feeding links in a woodland. If every chaffinch in the food web dies, what effect would this have?

Food chains and food webs

The table presents some structures found in the human body. Which row shows the correct level of organisation, from the least complex structure to the most complex?

Characteristics of living organisms

The diagram depicts an animal. The real length of this animal is $0.6\,\text{mm}$. What is the magnification of the diagram?

Size of specimens

Through which process does oxygen pass from an area of higher concentration in the alveoli to an area of lower concentration in the blood?

Gas exchange in humans

The diagram illustrates a cross-section through a mesophyll cell from a leaf. Which part is partially permeable?

Cell structure

Which smaller basic units are starch and glycogen molecules made from?

Biological molecules

All living organisms liberate energy from nutrient molecules inside their cells. What is this characteristic called?

Characteristics of living organisms

Which definition correctly describes an enzyme?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates two food tests being performed on solution X. Which nutrients are contained in solution X?

Biological molecules

Which chemical, made during photosynthesis, leaves a green leaf through its stomata?

Photosynthesis

A student carried out an investigation into one factor that influences photosynthesis. A section of a leaf was hidden with black paper, as shown. After two days, the student tested the leaf to see whether starch was present. Which factor was being investigated by the student?

Photosynthesis

Which nutrient is needed to stop scurvy from developing?

Diet

Which diagram illustrates the action of lipase?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates the human alimentary canal, with a scale shown in metres next to it. What is the length of the small intestine?

Digestive system

The diagram shows a cross-section through part of a leaf. Which labelled structure is xylem?

Xylem and phloem

The diagram shows a root cross-section. Three parts of the root are numbered. Which parts contain cells that water must travel through in order to reach the xylem?

Water uptake

A student sprints 400 metres. What effects will this produce?

Anaerobic respiration

The scientific names of a few animals are shown here. 1. Arius felis 2. Felis concolor 3. Felis rufus 4. Macropus rufus Which animals belong to the same genus?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which process takes longer than usual in a person who has very few platelets?

Blood

Several methods help the body avoid infection by pathogens, including specialised cells, mechanical barriers and chemical barriers. Which row shows the correct example for each method?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates the apparatus used to investigate gas exchange in humans. The person breathes through the middle tube five times. What results would be expected in flasks X and Y?

Gas exchange in humans

Which substances are involved in aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration

The bar chart illustrates the percentage make-up of two gases in four samples of air. Which sample is expired air?

Gas exchange in humans

The diagram illustrates the excretory system. Which labels indicate the ureter and the bladder?

Excretion in humans

Under what conditions will the kidneys produce the greatest volume of urine?

Excretion in humans

A simple reflex arc is made up of four parts linking a receptor to a response. Which of these parts is the motor neurone?

Coordination and response

What structure in the eye brings light into focus on the retina?

Sense organs

Which statement regarding the hormone insulin is correct?

Hormones

The diagram presents a dichotomous key for arthropods. The organism illustrated is an arthropod known as an isopod. To which group does the isopod belong?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram illustrates how four different antibiotics, A, B, C and D, affect the growth of one kind of bacteria. Which antibiotic is the most effective treatment for this type of bacteria?

Diseases and immunity

Four processes that take place during labour and birth are shown. 1 cutting the umbilical cord 2 contraction of muscles in the wall of the uterus 3 delivery of the afterbirth 4 dilation of the cervix 5 movement of the baby through the vagina In what order do these events normally happen?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram illustrates four kinds of birth control device. Which birth control methods provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Sexually transmitted infections

The table gives the percentage of pregnancies for four groups of women. Each group used a different method of birth control. Which method of birth control was the most effective?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which sex chromosomes in the egg cell and in the sperm would result in a female child?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which statement about selective breeding is correct?

Selection

Which process makes use of the main source of energy input to biological systems?

Photosynthesis

What name is given to an organism that gains its energy from dead organic material?

Food chains and food webs

A group of red deer lives in a forest that also contains snakes and a wide range of birds. Which group of organisms is an example of a population?

Populations

Which process relies on a genetically engineered organism?

Genetic modification

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of two guard cells in a leaf. Which labelled structures are also present in an animal cell?

Cell structure

The food web illustrates the feeding relationships within a woodland. If every chaffinch in the food web dies, what effect would this have?

Food chains and food webs

What level of organisation is represented by the heart of a mammal?

Characteristics of living organisms

The picture depicts a single-celled organism named a Paramecium. In the image, the Paramecium measures $6\,\text{cm}$ in length. The magnification is $\times 400$. Which calculation will produce the correct actual length of the Paramecium, in mm?

Size of specimens

Female moths emit chemicals into the air. Male moths detect these chemicals and fly towards the females. By what process do the chemicals spread through the air?

Diffusion

The diagram shows a cross-section of a mesophyll cell in a leaf. Which part is partially permeable?

Cell structure

What are the smaller basic units that make up starch and glycogen molecules?

Biological molecules