Oct/Nov 2021

Which characteristics of all living organisms are required to release energy for growth?

Characteristics of living organisms

An experiment was conducted to investigate how pH affects enzyme action. The graph displays the results. What should the x-axis and y-axis be labelled?

Enzymes

The diagram shows four test-tubes arranged as indicated. In which test-tube does starch undergo digestion most rapidly?

Enzymes

Which row identifies the raw materials required for photosynthesis and the products formed by photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis

Which food provides the richest source of vitamin C?

Diet

Which reagent is used to detect vitamin C?

Biological molecules

The diagram illustrates a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules. What is process X?

Chemical digestion

The diagram illustrates a section of the human alimentary canal and the organs linked to it. Which structure secretes hydrochloric acid?

Digestive system

The diagrams show parts of a leaf and a root. Which two labelled structures are xylem?

Xylem and phloem

Which graph illustrates the impact of rising humidity on the rate of transpiration?

Transpiration

The diagram shows a cross-section of a mammalian heart. Which part transports blood straight from the lungs?

Heart

Which pair of organisms are in the same genus?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which part of blood produces antibodies?

Blood

A list of body defences against pathogens is shown. 1 mucus 2 skin 3 stomach acid 4 phagocytosis Which features can stop pathogens from entering body tissues?

Diseases and immunity

Which of these structures is a bronchus?

Gas exchange in humans

The diagram illustrates the apparatus a student uses to study respiration in woodlice (small arthropods). Which explanation of the direction in which the water drop will move is correct?

Respiration

A group of students added yeast, sugar and water to a bottle. Next, they fitted an empty balloon over the mouth of the bottle. The bottle was then left in a warm place for one hour. Over this period, the balloon became larger. Why does the balloon become larger?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates part of the excretory system in a female mammal. What structure is tube X?

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates a reflex arc that goes through the spinal cord. What type of neurones are X and Y?

Coordination and response

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of the skin. Which labelled structure is a hair erector muscle?

Sense organs

A seed is positioned and left to grow on a rotating disc, as illustrated. Which diagram shows what the seedling shoot looks like after seven days?

Tropic responses

Which definition of a drug is correct?

Drugs

The diagram illustrates an animal. Which animal is shown? 1 if the animal has a vertebral column .................... vertebrate if the animal has an exoskeleton .................... proceed to 2 2 if there is no clearly separate head, thorax and abdomen .................... A a clearly separate head, thorax and abdomen .................... proceed to 3 3 if the eye covers less than one third of the head .................... B if the eye covers more than one third of the head .................... proceed to 4 4 if the wings are broader than they are long .................... C if the wings are longer than they are broad .................... D

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which one is an example of sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction

The diagram illustrates a section of the male reproductive system. Which structures produce sperm and the fluid in which the sperm are carried?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which form of birth control stops sperm from getting into the vagina?

Sexual reproduction in humans

An allele is a variant of which structure?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which of the following are functions of mitosis?

Mitosis

In one insect species, the wings are usually pale in colour. This provides camouflage against pale tree trunks. However, a small number of the insects in this species have wings that are darker in colour. After several years, environmental changes cause the tree trunks to become darker. As a result, the insects with dark-coloured wings become more common than the insects with pale-coloured wings in this species. Which process is responsible for this change in the proportion of insects with dark-coloured wings?

Selection

The diagram illustrates a woodland food web. Which statement is incorrect?

Food chains and food webs

Which organism produces its own organic nutrients by using light energy?

Photosynthesis

Which process causes carbon dioxide to be emitted into the atmosphere?

Respiration

Which row indicates what is used to produce biofuel, bread and fruit juice?

Biotechnology

Which row identifies the structure found on the outside of a plant cell and the position of the chloroplasts inside the cell?

Cell structure

What is one consequence of a rise in the use of insecticides?

Pollution

The diagram displays some cells. In which part of the body are these cells located?

Cell structure

What equation is used to calculate the magnification of a biological drawing?

Size of specimens

Which words fill the gaps in the definition of diffusion? "Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of ......1...... concentration to a region of ......2...... concentration, ......3...... a concentration gradient."

Diffusion

Cyanide is a poison that prevents respiration. A paramecium is a single-celled organism found in freshwater. What is the most likely consequence of cyanide in a paramecium?

Respiration

In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is kept in strong sunlight for several hours. Afterwards, one leaf is taken from the plant and tested for starch using iodine solution. The diagram shows the leaf from the plant that was used in the experiment. Which diagram shows the result of the experiment?

Photosynthesis

All living things are able to eliminate toxic materials and other substances present in amounts greater than their requirements. What is this process known as?

Characteristics of living organisms

A test was performed to examine how pH affects enzyme action. The graph displays the results. What labels should be used for the x-axis and the y-axis?

Enzymes

As shown in the diagram, four test-tubes were arranged. In which test-tube is starch digested most rapidly?

Enzymes

The diagram shows a cross-section of a leaf. What structure is labelled X?

Leaf structure

The diagram illustrates the surface view of part of a leaf epidermis. How many guard cells are there?

Leaf structure

Why are carbohydrates important in the diet?

Diet

The diagram illustrates a large food molecule being broken down into smaller molecules. What is process X?

Chemical digestion

The diagram illustrates part of the alimentary canal and the organs linked to it. In which region does most water absorption occur?

Absorption

The diagram shows a young plant. Identify the parts of the plant where xylem vessels are found.

Xylem and phloem

Which graph illustrates the impact of increasing humidity on the rate of transpiration?

Transpiration

The diagram shows a cross-section of a mammalian heart. Which part transports blood straight from the lungs?

Blood vessels

The table presents features of some animals. Which animal is a mammal?

Features of organisms

The diagram illustrates blood split into four distinct layers. Which labelled component has the correct function?

Blood

Some body defences against pathogens are shown below. 1 mucus 2 skin 3 stomach acid 4 phagocytosis Which of these can stop pathogens from entering body tissues?

Diseases and immunity

Which option gives the correct sequence of structures through which air passes when a human breathes in?

Gas exchange in humans

Which chemicals are required for aerobic respiration to release energy?

Aerobic respiration

Yeast is an organism used in the production of biofuels. Which statement explains why yeast is used to produce biofuels?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates a section of the excretory system in a female mammal. What structure is tube X?

Excretion in humans

The items shown are components of the nervous system. 1. brain 2. effector 3. receptor 4. relay neurone In a reflex arc, which of these structures are linked by synapses to a motor neurone?

Coordination and response

A student carried out an investigation into how altering light intensity affected the diameter of the pupil in the eye. The table presents the findings. Initial pupil diameter $= 8\,\text{mm}$, final pupil diameter $= 2\,\text{mm}$. Which explanation of the student’s results is correct?

Sense organs

A seed is positioned and allowed to grow on a rotating disc, as shown. Which diagram illustrates how the seedling shoot appears after seven days?

Tropic responses

What substance can be used to treat a bacterial infection?

Drugs

The diagram depicts an animal. What animal is it?

Features of organisms

Fertilisation is defined as the joining of the X of two gametes to produce a Y. Which row completes the statement?

Sexual reproduction

Which statement gives the correct description of pollination?

Sexual reproduction in plants

HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Which measures could be used to limit the spread of HIV?

Sexually transmitted infections

Which of the following determine human sex?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

A section of a tree branch is cut off and put into the soil. A new tree develops from the branch. Which row is correct?

Asexual reproduction

A species of insect usually has wings that are pale in colour. This enables them to be camouflaged on tree trunks that are pale in colour. A small number of insects in this species have wings that are darker in colour. After several years the tree trunks become darker in colour because of environmental changes. The insects with dark-coloured wings become more common than insects with pale-coloured wings in this species. Which process is responsible for this change in the proportion of insects with dark-coloured wings?

Selection

The diagram illustrates a food chain: grass $\rightarrow$ grasshopper $\rightarrow$ frog $\rightarrow$ snake $\rightarrow$ hawk. Which organism is the tertiary consumer in this food chain?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates the water cycle. The table lists the processes involved in the water cycle. Which row is correct?

Nutrient cycles

Which process causes carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere?

Aerobic respiration

What useful product is formed by anaerobic respiration during the manufacture of bread?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates several tissues in a section of a plant root. The arrows indicate water moving into and across the root tissues. How many distinct tissues are present?

Water uptake

What factors can cause species to become endangered?

Conservation

The diagram illustrates some cells. Where can these cells be found?

Cell structure

The diagram presents a beetle. The beetle’s actual length from X to Y is $15\,\text{mm}$. What magnification does the image show?

Size of specimens

Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct?

Diffusion

The cells in a plant root contain a greater concentration of magnesium ions than the nearby soil. Which process will transport the magnesium ions into the root?

Active transport

In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is placed in strong sunlight for several hours. After that, a leaf is taken off the plant and tested for starch with iodine solution. The diagram shows the leaf taken from the plant used in the experiment. Which diagram shows the outcome of the experiment?

Photosynthesis

An Amoeba is a unicellular organism. The diagram illustrates an Amoeba surrounding a food particle and taking it in. Which characteristics of living organisms does this show?

Characteristics of living organisms

An experiment was conducted to examine how pH affects enzyme action. The graph shows the results. What are the x-axis and y-axis labels?

Enzymes

Four test-tubes were arranged as shown in the diagram. In which test-tube is the starch broken down most rapidly?

Enzymes

The diagram shows a cross-section through a leaf. What structures are K, L, M and N?

Leaf structure

What element is found in every amino acid?

Biological molecules

Which nutrient deficiency can lead to scurvy?

Diet

The diagram illustrates a large food molecule being broken down into smaller molecules. What process is X?

Chemical digestion

Which region of the alimentary canal secretes an enzyme that digests proteins?

Digestive system

By what method is water taken up by root hair cells?

Osmosis

Which graph illustrates the effect of higher humidity on the rate of transpiration?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of a mammalian heart. Which part transports blood straight from the lungs?

Heart

The binomial names of five species are shown below. 1 Calluna vulgaris 2 Garra rufa 3 Primula veris 4 Primula vulgaris 5 Vespula rufa Which species are placed in the same genus?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram illustrates the external structure of the human heart. Which label shows a coronary artery?

Heart

Several features that protect the body from pathogens are shown. 1 mucus 2 skin 3 acid in the stomach 4 phagocytosis Which of these features can stop pathogens from entering body tissues?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates an alveolus. Which gas is indicated by the path shown by arrow X?

Gas exchange in humans

The table lists some facts about aerobic respiration. Which row is the correct one?

Aerobic respiration

Which word equation shows anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates a section of the excretory system in a female mammal. What is tube X?

Excretion in humans

Which part of the eye alters its size in response to changes in light intensity?

Sense organs

A scientist studied the way the human body responds to temperature. Which row gives the predicted responses at environmental temperatures of $0^\circ\text{C}$ and $40^\circ\text{C}$?

Homeostasis

A seed is positioned on a rotating disc, as illustrated. Which diagram illustrates what the seedling shoot will look like after seven days?

Tropic responses

Which statement gives the definition of the term drug?

Drugs

The diagram illustrates an animal. What animal is shown?

Features of organisms

Which statement gives a structural adaptation of wind-pollinated flowers?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What is the correct sequence of structures that human sperm must travel through to fertilise an egg cell?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which pair of birth control methods are chemical methods used to stop pregnancy?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which process happens during asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction

Polydactyly is a condition in which a person has extra fingers or toes. In one form of polydactyly, the trait is determined by a dominant allele. A man who is homozygous recessive for the condition marries a woman who is heterozygous for it. What is the chance that their first child will have polydactyly?

Monohybrid inheritance

A species of insect normally has wings that are pale in colour. This provides camouflage against tree trunks that are also pale. However, a small number of insects in this species have wings that are darker. After several years, the tree trunks darken in colour because of environmental changes. In this species, insects with dark-coloured wings then become more common than insects with pale-coloured wings. Which process is responsible for this change in the proportion of insects with dark-coloured wings?

Selection

Which source provides the first energy input to most biological systems?

Energy flow

Which combination of factors would lead to the largest decrease in the population growth of an animal species?

Populations

Which process gives off carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

Aerobic respiration

Three claims about the bacteria used in biotechnology and genetic engineering are given. Which claims are correct?

Genetic modification

The diagram displays two guard cells. Which label is correct?

Leaf structure

What does the term sustainable resource mean?

Conservation

The diagram illustrates some cells. In which part of the body are these cells located?

Leaf structure

A student makes a sketch of a root hair cell. The cell’s actual length is $0.8\,\text{mm}$ and the sketch is $80\,\text{mm}$ long. What is the magnification of the student’s sketch?

Size of specimens

In which diagram would oxygen pass into the cell by diffusion?

Diffusion

Which statement correctly describes how the pressure of water helps support plants?

Water uptake

In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is placed in strong sunlight for several hours. After that, a leaf is taken from the plant and tested for starch with iodine solution. The diagram shows the leaf from the plant that was used in the experiment. Which diagram shows the result of the experiment?

Photosynthesis