May/June 2021

Which feature is present in every living organism?

Characteristics of living organisms

Starch is broken down by amylase in the mouth, yet it is not broken down in the stomach. What explains this?

Enzymes

Which statement explains what a catalyst is?

Enzymes

A plant with striped leaves was placed in bright light for six hours. A leaf was removed from the plant and its chlorophyll was taken out. The leaf was then tested for starch with iodine solution. Which diagram shows the outcome of the test?

Photosynthesis

The diagram shows a cross-section through a plant leaf. Which label indicates a palisade mesophyll cell?

Leaf structure

In humans, in which part of the body does most absorption of digested food occur?

Absorption

What substances are produced when proteins are broken down?

Chemical digestion

In which part of the alimentary canal does most water absorption occur?

Absorption

The diagram illustrates part of a root cross-section. What are cells 1, 2 and 3?

Xylem and phloem

A plant shoot is put into a dye solution. The dye travels upward through the stem. In which conditions will the dye travel the slowest?

Transpiration

Which are the principal blood vessels that transport blood to and away from the kidney?

Blood vessels

A list of scientific names for several animals is shown. 1. Camelus dromedarius 2. Camelus ferus 3. Equus ferus 4. Struthio camelus Which of these animals belong to the same genus?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of a human blood vessel. Which kind of blood vessel is shown in the diagram?

Blood vessels

What is one role performed by some white blood cells?

Blood

The diagrams illustrate a person's breathing depth and breathing rate at 12:00 and 13:00. What changes occur in the person’s breathing between 12:00 and 13:00?

Gas exchange in humans

The list below includes several processes occurring in the human body. Which processes use energy released by respiration?

Respiration

What is formed in humans by anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration

Which of the following statements about urea is correct?

Excretion in humans

What is the order of neurones linking a receptor with an effector in a reflex arc?

Coordination and response

Which part regulates how much light is allowed into the eye?

Sense organs

Which row pairs each hormone with its function?

Hormones

Scientists conducted a survey into how giving up smoking affects the risk of developing lung cancer. Which statements are correct?

Diseases and immunity

Scientists have found a previously unknown animal species. Its body is divided into segments, and each segment carries two pairs of legs. Which animal group does this new species belong to?

Concept and uses of classification systems

A gardener wants to make a large number of plants that are genetically the same as one parent plant. Which method or methods would produce plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant?

Asexual reproduction

Which structure in the male reproductive system produces the fluid in which sperm swim?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The graph illustrates a woman’s body temperature over the menstrual cycle. During which days is she most likely to conceive?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What is the name for the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which diagram illustrates the results of the process of mitosis?

Mitosis

The graph illustrates the distribution of blood groups in one area. This is an example of discontinuous variation. Which statement about discontinuous variation is correct?

Variation

The diagram illustrates a desert food web. Which organisms shown are all secondary consumers?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates stages in the water cycle. Which process is shown by the letter X?

Nutrient cycles

What is one example of a population?

Populations

In the food industry, what is one use of pectinase?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates a single-celled organism named Euglena. Which labelled structures would also be present in an animal cell?

Cell structure

What factors are thought to have caused sea levels to rise?

Pollution

The diagram illustrates several blood vessels and other structures found in the human body. All of the blood vessels shown are components of the same

Circulatory systems

In a photograph, the nucleus of a plant cell measures $2\,\text{mm}$ in width. If the magnification of the cell is $\times 500$, what is the nucleus's actual size?

Size of specimens

Through which process do oxygen and carbon dioxide pass between cells and capillaries?

Diffusion

A cylinder made from potato tissue was put into a beaker containing very salty water. After one hour, the mass of the potato cylinder had fallen. Why did this happen?

Osmosis

Which element occurs in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

Biological molecules

Which characteristic is common to all living organisms?

Characteristics of living organisms

Starch is broken down by amylase in the mouth, yet it is not broken down in the stomach. What is the reason for this?

Enzymes

Which statement concerning an enzyme-controlled reaction is correct?

Enzymes

A plant with striped leaves was placed in bright light for six hours. One leaf was removed from the plant, and the chlorophyll was taken out. The leaf was then tested with iodine solution for starch. Which diagram shows the outcome of the test?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates a transverse section through a leaf. What is the name of cell X?

Leaf structure

In humans, where does the majority of digested food absorption occur?

Absorption

The diagram depicts a section of the human body. Which statement about organs X and Y is correct?

Gas exchange in humans

What functions do human incisors and molars perform?

Physical digestion

Which sequence describes the route water follows as it passes through a plant?

Transpiration

A plant shoot is put into a solution of dye. The dye then rises up the stem. In which conditions would the dye move most slowly?

Transpiration

In what way does blood enter the heart?

Heart

What term describes a group of living organisms that are able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of a human blood vessel. Which type of blood vessel is shown in the diagram?

Blood vessels

What is one role of some white blood cells?

Diseases and immunity

The diagrams indicate the depth and rate of breathing in a person at 12:00 and 13:00. What change occurs in the person’s breathing between 12:00 and 13:00?

Gas exchange in humans

How are muscle contraction, protein synthesis and the maintenance of a constant body temperature connected?

Homeostasis

What substances are produced by anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates several organs in the human body. Which row correctly links the function to the appropriate organ?

Features of organisms

The diagram illustrates a reflex arc. Which labelled part acts as the effector?

Coordination and response

The iris of a person has been damaged. What impact would this have?

Sense organs

Which hormone does the pancreas secrete?

Hormones

The graph illustrates how smoking different numbers of cigarettes over different time periods affects the chance of lung cancer. Which conclusions are supported by the graph data?

Diseases and immunity

Scientists identify a previously unknown animal species. Its body is divided into segments, and each segment bears two pairs of legs. Which animal group does this new species belong to?

Features of organisms

The diagram illustrates the male human reproductive system. What is X?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram illustrates changes in the ovary. Which point indicates the thickness of the uterus lining when the ovary is at stage 4?

Sexual reproduction in humans

In what ways can HIV be transmitted?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates a specialised cell. What function does this specialised cell carry out?

Cell structure

In a family, both parents show a characteristic produced by the dominant allele of a gene. They have two children. The family pedigree diagram is shown. Which row gives the genotypes of the parents for this gene?

Monohybrid inheritance

The diagram illustrates several stages in natural selection in wild rabbits. variation within the rabbit population $\rightarrow$ Z $\rightarrow$ reproduction by better adapted rabbits Which statement belongs in box Z?

Selection

The diagram represents a food web. What is the chief source of energy entering this food web?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates a food web. Which statement is right?

Food chains and food webs

Which stage of the water cycle involves only living organisms?

Transpiration

Bacteria are useful in ......X...... due to their fast ......Y...... rate and their capacity to produce complex ......Z...... . Which option completes the sentence?

Biotechnology

Which part of a cell produces glucose?

Photosynthesis

A forest fire destroyed an area of forest. Over time, the forest grew back. What is likely to happen to the amount of soil erosion and flooding once the forest has grown back?

Habitat destruction

The diagram illustrates several blood vessels and other structures in the human body. All of the blood vessels shown belong to the same

Blood vessels

In a photograph, the nucleus of a plant cell measures $2\,\text{mm}$ across. If the magnification of the cell is $\times500$, what is the actual size of the nucleus?

Size of specimens

Through which process do oxygen and carbon dioxide move between cells and capillaries?

Diffusion

A cylinder made from potato tissue was put into a concentrated salt solution. It was left to soak for one hour and then examined. What change will have occurred to the potato tissue after one hour of soaking?

Osmosis

Which element occurs in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

Biological molecules

Which feature is shared by every living organism?

Characteristics of living organisms

Amylase digests starch in the mouth, yet starch is not digested in the stomach. What explains this?

Enzymes

What kind of molecule are enzymes composed of?

Biological molecules

A plant with striped leaves was left in bright light for six hours. A leaf was removed from the plant, and the chlorophyll was taken out. The leaf was then tested for starch with iodine solution. Which diagram shows the outcome of the test?

Photosynthesis

Which photomicrograph shows the leaf section with correct labels?

Leaf structure

In humans, where does most of the absorption of digested food occur?

Absorption

What causes the onset of dental decay?

Diseases and immunity

Which option correctly names the enzyme and the products formed during fat digestion?

Chemical digestion

The diagram shows one stomata in a leaf, together with some cells close to it. During transpiration, which statement describes the movement of water at X and at Y?

Transpiration

A plant shoot is put into a dye solution. The dye travels upwards through the stem. In which conditions will the dye travel most slowly?

Transpiration

By which blood vessels does blood enter the heart?

Blood vessels

Which statement about the binomial naming system is correct?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram displays a cross-section of a human blood vessel. Which kind of blood vessel is shown in the diagram?

Blood vessels

What is one role of some white blood cells?

Blood

The diagrams illustrate a person’s breathing depth and breathing rate at 12:00 and 13:00. What changes occur in the person’s breathing between 12:00 and 13:00?

Gas exchange in humans

Which statement is correct about respiration?

Respiration

The table lists some products of respiration. Which row identifies the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Anaerobic respiration

A student performed an experiment to find out how temperature affects the volume of urine produced. Which row shows the experiment in which the environmental temperature was raised from $20^{\circ}\text{C}$ to $40^{\circ}\text{C}$, with no other changes made?

Excretion in humans

A ball whizzed past a student’s head and their eyes blinked. This is a reflex action. Which row gives the reaction shown by the student?

Coordination and response

What kind of cell must an organ have in order to detect a stimulus?

Sense organs

The diagram illustrates where the kidneys are located in a human body. Above each kidney is an endocrine gland. Which glands are these?

Hormones

Why are people advised against driving a car after drinking an excessive amount of alcohol?

Drugs

A new animal species has been discovered by scientists. Its body is segmented, and every segment carries two pairs of legs. Which animal group does this new species belong to?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which statement concerning the process of asexual reproduction is accurate?

Asexual reproduction

Scientists investigated how tobacco smoking by mothers affected infant birthweight. They compared their results with the birthweights of babies born to mothers who did not smoke. The findings are displayed in the bar chart. Which statement describes what this bar chart shows?

Drugs

At puberty, a boy’s body changes: he grows taller, develops more muscle and gets body hair. Which hormone causes these changes?

Sex hormones in humans

Through which process is genetic information passed from one generation to the next?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

A few reptiles are able to shed and then replace their tails to escape predators. Which process is involved in tail regrowth?

Mitosis

What is a feature of an organism that helps it to survive in its environment?

Adaptive features

The diagram illustrates the flow of energy through part of a biological system. What belongs in the box labelled 1?

Food chains and food webs

Human activities are altering the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which activities will cause the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to rise?

Nutrient cycles

Which of the following describes a population correctly?

Populations

Give one example of genetic engineering.

Genetic modification

In which cell structure does photosynthesis occur?

Cell structure

What occurs as a result of deforestation?

Habitat destruction

The diagram illustrates several blood vessels and other structures inside the human body. The blood vessels shown are all parts of the same

Circulatory systems

A plant cell nucleus appears in a photograph and measures $2\,\text{mm}$ across. If the cell has a magnification of $\times 500$, what is the nucleus's actual size?

Size of specimens

Through what process do oxygen and carbon dioxide pass between cells and capillaries?

Diffusion

A group of students carried out an investigation into osmosis. They put some dried fruit into a beaker containing distilled water. The mass of the fruit was recorded at regular intervals over a 24-hour period. Which graph represents the results?

Osmosis

Which element occurs in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

Biological molecules