Feb/March 2020

What characteristic is shown by every living organism?

Characteristics of living organisms

The diagram illustrates an experiment investigating the digestion of the protein in egg albumen by protease. The protease was obtained from a human stomach. In which test-tube will the protein be broken down most rapidly?

Enzymes

What remains at the end of an enzyme-controlled reaction?

Enzymes

A student made a diagram to illustrate the substances consumed and made during photosynthesis in a leaf. 1 + 2 are consumed by the leaf. 3 + 4 are made by the leaf. Which row gives the correct labels for the diagram?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates one kind of plant cell. In which tissue would this cell be found?

Xylem and phloem

The list below contains several human health conditions. Which of these can result from malnutrition?

Diet

The table gives the percentages of students from two schools who have one or more decayed teeth. What could account for these findings?

Diet

The products of protein digestion are absorbed by the blood as

Absorption

When stems bearing white flowers are cut and placed in a blue stain, the petals become blue. Through which tissue in the stem does the stain move in order to reach the petals?

Xylem and phloem

Which process causes water vapour to be released into the atmosphere from the leaves of trees?

Transpiration

Which individual is most likely to develop coronary heart disease?

Heart

In the binomial naming system, the Arctic fox is named $\text{Vulpes lagopus}$. Which row is correct?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram shows a cross-section of a blood vessel. What type of blood vessel is illustrated, and what is the direction of blood flow?

Blood vessels

Which disease can be passed on?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates an alveolus. The arrows show how gases move. Which row is correct?

Gas exchange in humans

Four flasks are sterilised and arranged as shown. After several hours, which flask will have the greatest amount of alcohol?

Anaerobic respiration

On the diagram, which letter identifies the urethra?

Excretion in humans

A set of organs is given. 1 adrenaline 2 pancreas 3 ovary 4 salivary Which of these are endocrine glands?

Hormones

The table lists some responses that happen in humans when body temperature changes. Which row gives the responses that occur when body temperature rises above normal?

Homeostasis

What is a typical example of phototropism?

Tropic responses

The blood of smokers has a lower oxygen carrying capacity than the blood of non-smokers. Which part of tobacco smoke is responsible for this?

Blood

Which one of these statements about asexual reproduction is correct?

Asexual reproduction

Which feature is common to both insects and arachnids?

Features of organisms

Which environmental factor is not always needed for seed germination?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram illustrates the female reproductive system. In which part are gametes produced?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Some characteristics of cell division are given below. 1 used in the formation of gametes 2 used in the replacement of cells 3 produces cells that are genetically different 4 produces cells that are genetically identical Which characteristics are involved in meiosis?

Meiosis

Which cross will produce only pure-breeding offspring?

Monohybrid inheritance

Which feature is true of selective breeding but not of natural selection?

Selection

What is the main energy source for living things?

Energy flow

The diagram illustrates a pyramid of numbers. Which type of organism is present at level 1?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates part of the carbon cycle. Which process takes place at Y?

Nutrient cycles

Chopped apple is put onto filter paper inside a funnel, as shown in the diagram. Enzymes are then introduced to increase the amount of apple juice obtained. Which enzyme would produce the greatest volume of juice?

Enzymes

Which outcome is most likely to happen as a consequence of deforestation?

Habitat destruction

Which structures are present in both plant cells and animal cells?

Cell structure

The diagram indicates the locations of four farms and the nitrate concentrations at various points along a river. Which farm is most likely to have applied excessive fertiliser to its land?

Pollution

The diagram shows a sample of material removed from an organism. Which level of organisation is shown by the sample?

Cell structure

What is the role of a root hair cell?

Water uptake

Which row gives the description of osmosis?

Osmosis

A student made the following statements about how ions move by active transport. Which of the statements are correct?

Active transport

A food sample was tested and the result turned blue-black. Which solution was used in this test?

Biological molecules

Which feature is shown by all living organisms?

Characteristics of living organisms

The diagram illustrates an experiment investigating how protease digests the protein in egg albumen. The protease came from a human stomach. In which test-tube will the protein be broken down most rapidly?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates enzyme action. What are W, X and Y in this chemical reaction?

Enzymes

A student created a diagram to represent the substances taken in and the substances made during photosynthesis in a leaf. $1 + 2$ are taken in by the leaf. $3 + 4$ are made by the leaf. Which row gives the correct labels for the diagram?

Photosynthesis

The diagram represents a kind of plant cell. In which tissue would this cell be found?

Xylem and phloem

The list below names some human health problems. Which of these can result from malnutrition?

Diet

A cholera infection can bring about the following events. Which sequence of events will lead to diarrhoea?

Diseases and immunity

Which food group is chemically digested in the mouth, moves on through the stomach and is then further broken down by chemical digestion in the small intestine?

Chemical digestion

If stems bearing white flowers are cut and then put into a blue stain, the petals become blue. Through which tissue in the stem does the stain move in order to get to the petals?

Xylem and phloem

What process causes water vapour to be released into the atmosphere from tree leaves?

Transpiration

Mammals possess a double circulation. Which option gives the correct order in which blood moves through a mammal?

Circulatory systems

In the binomial naming system, the Arctic fox is named $\textit{Vulpes lagopus}$. Which row is the correct one?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram shows a cross-section of a blood vessel. Which kind of blood vessel is this, and which way is the blood moving?

Blood vessels

Antibodies that protect against a disease may be obtained in several different ways. Which of the following result in active immunity?

Diseases and immunity

During physical activity, what causes the brain to increase the breathing rate?

Homeostasis

The table lists several changes that happen during breathing. Which changes take place to bring about inspiration?

Gas exchange in humans

How many molecules of ethanol are produced during the anaerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram shows a kidney and its blood vessels. In a healthy person, which structure(s) carry glucose?

Excretion in humans

The diagram shows a synapse. In which part are vesicles that contain neurotransmitter molecules located?

Coordination and response

Which row shows the condition of the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments when the eye is focusing on a nearby object?

Sense organs

The diagram illustrates a shoot bending towards light. Which statement correctly describes auxin’s role in phototropism?

Tropic responses

Bacteria such as MRSA are resistant to several different antibiotics. Several suggested ways to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria are listed. Which of these suggested actions are correct?

Drugs

Which feature is common to both insects and arachnids?

Features of organisms

The diagram illustrates a sperm cell. Which section has mitochondria to provide energy for movement?

Cell structure

Which statement about lymphocytes is correct?

Diseases and immunity

The statements explain how a protein is synthesised. What is the sequence of statements that correctly explains how a protein is synthesised?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which row indicates the characteristics of stem cells?

Mitosis

Which statement gives the correct description of the role of meiosis?

Meiosis

This photomicrograph displays some red blood cells. Which genotype combinations might this person have?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

The events below could occur within a population. 1 Organisms that are better adapted survive. 2 Mutation produces variation. 3 The survivors transmit their alleles to the next generation. 4 A struggle for survival takes place. Which sequence could result in evolution in the population?

Selection

Which row shows the way energy passes through a biological system?

Energy flow

The diagram illustrates a food chain. grass $\rightarrow$ mouse $\rightarrow$ owl What terms are used to describe the owl’s position in this food chain?

Food chains and food webs

What method is used to make lactose-free milk?

Enzymes

Which structures are present in both plant and animal cells?

Cell structure

The diagram indicates the locations of four farms and the nitrate concentrations at various points along a river. Which farm is most likely to have been applying too much fertiliser to its land?

Pollution

In the diagram, the leaf's actual thickness is $2000\,\mu\text{m}$, while the thickness shown is $50\,\text{mm}$. Calculate the magnification of the diagram.

Size of specimens

What is the role of a root hair cell?

Cell structure

Which row gives the description of osmosis?

Osmosis

A student has written the following points about the movement of ions by active transport. Which points are correct?

Active transport

A food sample was tested. The result was positive because the colour changed to blue-black. Which solution was used in the test?

Biological molecules

Fig. 1.1 illustrates six reptile species.

Concept and uses of classification systems

A group of students measured breathing rates while doing different activities. The class’s average breathing rates were then worked out. Student A compared her own breathing rates with the class averages. Fig. 2.1 shows the results.

Gas exchange in humans

Hair length in cats is determined by a single gene. The allele for short hair is dominant - H. The allele for long hair is recessive - h. Fig. 3.1 shows a photograph of two cats.

Monohybrid inheritance

A research study estimated the percentage effectiveness of several kinds of birth control. Table 4.1 gives examples of four different birth-control categories: barrier, chemical, natural, surgical.

Sexually transmitted infections

Fig. 5.1 shows a photograph of a giant panda.

Conservation

Complete the definition of the term transpiration. Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from plant leaves through [BLANK] of water at the surfaces of the [BLANK] cells, then diffusion of water vapour through the [BLANK].

Transpiration

Fig. 7.1 shows the alimentary canal and the organs associated with it.

Digestive system

The left-hand box contains the words ‘intensive livestock farming’. The boxes on the right show several possible sentence endings. Draw two lines from the box on the left so that two correct sentences are formed.

Pollution

Identify the structures marked A, B and C in Fig. 1.1.

Gas exchange in humans

Complete Table 2.1 by naming the fluids and by writing yes if red blood cells are present in the fluid or no if red blood cells are absent.

Circulatory systems

Define what is meant by sensitivity.

Hormones

Describe the shared features and contrasts between marasmus and kwashiorkor.

Diet

State how the mass of DNA has changed immediately before mitosis in Fig. 5.1.

Mitosis

In 1970, the mass of Atlantic cod was 8 000 000 tonnes. State one year in which the mass of Atlantic cod was half of this amount.

Conservation