May/June 2019

The diagram depicts a leaf on a plant. Which characteristic of life is shown by this diagram?

Characteristics of living organisms

Which graph illustrates the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates an experiment designed to examine the balance between respiration and photosynthesis. In which tube are photosynthesis and respiration happening at the same time?

Photosynthesis

A microscope view shows a cross-section through a leaf. Which structure is a palisade mesophyll cell?

Leaf structure

The chart is used to determine a person’s recommended mass. Using the body mass and height data given, which person would gain the most benefit from starting a calorie-controlled diet and taking regular exercise?

Diet

The statements below are about enzymes. Which of them are correct?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates a human tooth that has a decayed region. What is most likely to have led to the decay?

Diet

A celery stalk was put in a beaker containing blue dye. Once the dye had reached the leaves, the stalk was removed and cut across, as shown in the diagram. Which diagram indicates how the cut end of the stalk would look?

Xylem and phloem

The table gives the rate at which water flows through a tree during a 12 hour period. What conclusion can be drawn from the table?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of a human vein. What function does the part marked X carry out?

Blood vessels

The diagram illustrates cross-sections of three kinds of blood vessel, and they are not drawn to the same scale. Which section is from a vein and which section is from a capillary?

Blood vessels

The diagram illustrates how $\textit{Homo sapiens}$ (modern humans) may have developed from earlier ancestors. Which statement about modern humans and their ancestors is correct?

Selection

The diagram illustrates one method by which the body protects itself from pathogens. Which defence mechanism is shown?

Diseases and immunity

Approximately what percentage of oxygen is present in expired air?

Gas exchange in humans

The potted plants are kept for a week in a tank of water, as illustrated. Why do the plants die?

Aerobic respiration

The diagram presents two experiments that examine gas exchange in small aerobic crustaceans. Soda lime takes in carbon dioxide. In which direction does the liquid marker move?

Aerobic respiration

Yeast is put into a container that contains a glucose solution and no air. Which word equation represents the process occurring inside the container?

Anaerobic respiration

Identify the substances that humans excrete.

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates a simple reflex arc. Which labelled section is the sensory neurone?

Coordination and response

Several parts of the eye are given below. 1 cornea 2 iris 3 lens 4 retina Which of these structures contain light receptors?

Sense organs

What type of drug is used for the treatment of a bacterial infection?

Drugs

The diagram illustrates part of an insect-pollinated flower. Which structure is the anther?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram illustrates an insect. Which insect is it? 1 insect has no wings \dots go to 2 insect has wings \dots go to 3 2 legs longer than, or as long as the body \dots A legs shorter than the body \dots B 3 abdomen long and thin \dots C abdomen shorter and wider \dots D

Concept and uses of classification systems

In humans, give one example of a secondary sexual characteristic present in both males and females.

Sex hormones in humans

Which contraceptive method could offer protection against sexually transmitted infections?

Sexually transmitted infections

Which human characteristics are passed on genetically?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

A rabbit contains $44$ chromosomes in each body cell. Which row gives the correct description of the gamete cells?

Meiosis

Which description of continuous variation is correct?

Variation

At what time is evolution by natural selection most likely to happen?

Selection

Which process uses the main source of energy input to biological systems?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates an aquatic food web. Which statement is correct?

Food chains and food webs

What makes bacteria useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering?

Biotechnology and genetic modification

What does the term genetic engineering mean?

Genetic modification

What features are present in every plant cell?

Cell structure

Extensive areas of tropical forest have been cleared so that single-crop plantations of palm oil plants can be grown. What effect will this have on the ecosystem?

Habitat destruction

What organ is included in the digestive system?

Digestive system

The diagram depicts a test-tube filled with transparent jelly. A drop of blue ink is placed into the centre of the jelly. The blue colour then spreads all the way through the jelly. By which process does the blue ink spread through the jelly?

Diffusion

The apparatus shown was arranged. Several hours later, the water in the beaker had become blue, and the liquid in the glass tube had risen upwards. Which processes produced these changes?

Photosynthesis

Four solutions were examined to find out whether they contained protein, starch or glucose. The colours of the solutions after the tests are shown in the table. Which solution contained protein and glucose but no starch?

Biological molecules

Small molecules serve as the building blocks for the synthesis of large food molecules. Which statement is correct?

Biological molecules

Carbon dioxide diffuses into a leaf. Which characteristic of living organisms makes this necessary?

Characteristics of living organisms

Which graph illustrates the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates an experiment designed to examine the balance between respiration and photosynthesis. In which tube are photosynthesis and respiration occurring simultaneously?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates how sewage is treated. Why is air bubbled through the aeration tank?

Aerobic respiration

This food label comes from a cereal packet. The label may be useful to someone who is worried about their diet. A person eats $45\,\text{g}$ of cereal. One of the food categories shown on the label can help to avoid constipation. How many grams of this food category does the person consume?

Diet

Molecules from digested food pass into the body’s cells, where they are used and incorporated into the cells. What term is being defined here?

Absorption

The diagram shows a human tooth with a decayed section. What is most likely to have caused the decay?

Diet

A celery stalk was put into a beaker of blue dye. After the dye had reached the leaves, the stalk was removed and a section was cut, as shown in the diagram. Which diagram shows what the cut end of the stalk looks like?

Xylem and phloem

The table gives the rate at which water moves through a tree during a $12$ hour period. What conclusion can be drawn from the table?

Transpiration

In what way does the transport system in humans differ from that in a tree?

Circulatory systems

The diagram illustrates cross-sections of three kinds of blood vessel, drawn to different scales. Which cross-section is a vein and which is a capillary?

Blood vessels

The diagram illustrates how $\textit{Homo sapiens}$ (modern humans) may have evolved from earlier ancestors. Which statement about modern humans and their ancestors is correct?

Selection

Which disease can be passed from one person to another?

Diseases and immunity

What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in exhaled air?

Gas exchange in humans

What route is taken by air as it enters the body?

Gas exchange in humans

The diagram illustrates two experiments that investigate gas exchange in small aerobic crustaceans. Soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide. In which direction does the liquid marker move?

Gas exchange in humans

Yeast is put into a container filled with glucose solution without air. Which word equation best summarises the process occurring inside the container?

Anaerobic respiration

In which organ is urea produced, and from which organ is it excreted?

Excretion in humans

Which structure functions as an effector?

Coordination and response

As our body warms up and the temperature of our blood goes up, one method of cooling down is to sweat. Which structure detects the increase in blood temperature?

Homeostasis

A person with influenza was treated using antibiotics. Influenza is caused by a virus. Why were the antibiotics unable to cure the person with influenza?

Diseases and immunity

Which parts of the gametes unite during fertilisation?

Sexual reproduction

An animal is shown in the diagram. Use the key to identify the animal.

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which environmental conditions need to be in place for germination to occur?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What changes occur to the lining of the human uterus in the days before an egg cell is released?

Sex hormones in humans

Which term is used for an individual who carries two identical alleles for one particular gene?

Monohybrid inheritance

One form of night-blindness is an inherited disorder that results from a dominant allele. The pedigree diagram shows how this disorder was inherited in one family. Person X marries a partner with normal sight. What is the probability that their first child will have night-blindness?

Monohybrid inheritance

The diagram illustrates the percentage of tongue rollers and non-rollers in a human population. Which term describes this kind of variation?

Variation

The diagram presents the average head and ear shapes of rabbits from four different regions. Which is most suited to living in the coldest region?

Adaptive features

The food chain illustrates the route by which energy reaches a human: lettuce $\rightarrow$ snails $\rightarrow$ duck $\rightarrow$ human. From where did the energy in the lettuce originate?

Photosynthesis

Which process is included in the carbon cycle?

Nutrient cycles

Which statement gives the correct reason why bacteria are used in biotechnology?

Biotechnology

Which enzyme is used during fruit juice production to remove cloudiness from the juice?

Enzymes

Which characteristics are present in every plant cell?

Cell structure

Which of the following is not a reason for using chemical fertilisers in food production?

Food supply

Which set of organs is part of the same organ system?

Circulatory systems

The diagram depicts a test-tube of transparent jelly. A drop of blue ink is injected into the centre of the jelly. The blue colour of the ink gradually spreads all through the jelly. Which process causes the blue ink to spread through the jelly?

Diffusion

Which process is explained by osmosis?

Osmosis

Which row identifies the chemical elements present in fats?

Biological molecules

Small molecules are used as the starting units in the synthesis of large food molecules. Which statement is correct?

Biological molecules

Pupils spot a tiny organism in a pond. They capture it and place it in a large jar filled with water. They notice that the organism moves away from light. It produces some eggs before they return it to the pond. Which characteristics of living things were observed in this organism?

Characteristics of living organisms

Which graph illustrates the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates an experiment used to study the balance between respiration and photosynthesis. In which tube are photosynthesis and respiration occurring at the same time?

Photosynthesis

The diagrams illustrate the structures of four different plant cells. Which cell comes from the upper epidermis of a leaf?

Leaf structure

The diagram illustrates the human alimentary canal. Which two structures both secrete digestive enzymes?

Chemical digestion

Where does water get absorbed?

Absorption

The diagram illustrates a human tooth with a decayed section. What is most likely to have led to the decay?

Diet

A celery stalk was put into a beaker containing blue dye. After the dye had reached the leaves, the stalk was removed and a section was cut, as shown in the diagram. Which diagram shows how the cut end of the stalk would look?

Xylem and phloem

The table gives the rate at which water moves through a tree during a 12 hour period. What conclusion can be drawn from the table?

Transpiration

In which sequence does blood pass through the blood vessels that enter and leave the heart?

Blood vessels

The diagram illustrates cross-sections of three kinds of blood vessel, and they are not shown to the same scale. Which cross-section is a vein and which one is a capillary?

Blood vessels

The diagram indicates a possible evolutionary path for $\textit{Homo sapiens}$ (present-day humans) from earlier ancestors. $\textit{Homo sapiens}$ (present-day humans) $\uparrow$ $\textit{Homo heidelbergensis}$ $\uparrow$ $\textit{Homo erectus}$ $\uparrow$ $\textit{Homo habilis}$ Which statement about present-day humans and their ancestors is correct?

Variation

Via which route would an HIV infection not be transmitted?

Diseases and immunity

Approximately what percentage of oxygen is present in expired air?

Gas exchange in humans

Which process makes use of the energy released by respiration?

Active transport

The diagram illustrates two experiments used to study gas exchange in small aerobic crustaceans. Soda lime removes carbon dioxide. In which direction does the liquid marker move?

Gas exchange in humans

Yeast is put into a container filled with a glucose solution without air. Which word equation represents the process occurring inside the container?

Anaerobic respiration

What is one role of the kidneys?

Excretion in humans

Which list shows the correct order in a simple reflex arc?

Coordination and response

What effects does the body experience when adrenaline is released?

Hormones

What effects does excessive alcohol consumption have on the body?

Drugs

Female greenfly can reproduce by forming eggs through mitosis. These eggs are unfertilised, yet they grow into a new generation of female greenfly. What name is given to this type of reproduction?

Asexual reproduction

The photograph depicts an organism. Refer to the key to identify the organism. 1 The mouth is positioned at the front of the head. ......................... go to 2 The mouth lies between the eye and the fins. .................... A 2 The long fin on the back has light-coloured spots. ....................... go to 3 No spots are present on the long fin. ............................ B 3 The tail fin is longer than the body itself. .......................... C The tail fin is shorter than the body itself. ......................... D

Concept and uses of classification systems

What is not necessary for germination?

Sexual reproduction in plants

Which hormone is chiefly responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Sex hormones in humans

What decides whether a baby is male or female?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

In fruit flies, the allele for grey body, $G$, is dominant to the allele for black body, $g$. The outcome of a cross between two flies is shown below. Parent 1: grey-bodied fly \times Parent 2: black-bodied fly Offspring: 40 grey-bodied flies + 42 black-bodied flies What were the genotypes of the parents?

Monohybrid inheritance

Which option is a genetic change?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Wheat is a crop plant. From the 1960s onwards, the mean yield of wheat has doubled. One explanation is that modern wheat varieties have shorter, stronger stems and more seeds per stem. What has brought about these changes?

Selection

The organisms in a simple food web are labelled H, J, K and L. What must organism H be?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates part of the water cycle. Which process in living plants is responsible for releasing water vapour into the air at P?

Transpiration

Bacteria are helpful in producing products for human use. Which statement explains why they are helpful?

Biotechnology

In genetic engineering, which process makes use of a human gene?

Genetic modification

Which characteristics are shared by all plant cells?

Cell structure

What is one harmful effect of deforestation?

Habitat destruction

What level of organisation is represented by the oesophagus, pancreas, stomach and liver?

Digestive system

The diagram depicts a test-tube filled with clear jelly. A drop of blue ink is placed into the centre of the jelly. The blue colour from the ink then spreads through the jelly. By which process does the blue ink spread through the jelly?

Diffusion

Which row gives the description of active transport?

Active transport

What reagent is used when a food sample is tested for vitamin C?

Diet

Small molecules are used as the starting units when making large food molecules. Which statement is correct?

Biological molecules