Oct/Nov 2018

Which feature of living organisms is shown by gas exchange in the alveoli?

Characteristics of living organisms

The set-up illustrated is being used in an investigation into starch digestion. Which test-tube will contain the greatest amount of sugar after 20 minutes?

Chemical digestion

An experiment was performed with the apparatus illustrated. The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test tube was recorded at the beginning and then measured again three hours afterwards. In which test tube would the carbon dioxide content decrease?

Photosynthesis

The diagram shows a cross-section through a leaf. Which tissue lies directly beneath the upper epidermis?

Leaf structure

What is the consequence of a diet that does not contain iron?

Diet

The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal. Which structure secretes lipase?

Chemical digestion

The photomicrograph shows a cross-section of a buttercup root. What function does the tissue marked Z have?

Xylem and phloem

The diagram shows two shoots at the beginning of an experiment on transpiration. What readings are likely to be shown by the spring balances after three days?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates a circulatory system. Which vessels transport oxygenated blood?

Blood vessels

Several features that help the body defend itself against pathogens are shown. 1 mucus 2 skin 3 stomach acid 4 phagocytosis Which of these features prevents pathogens from entering body tissues?

Diseases and immunity

The graph illustrates how the volume of air in a person's lungs varies while they are at rest, during a 30 second interval. Which graph illustrates how the volume of air in the same person's lungs changes immediately after they have completed five minutes of vigorous exercise?

Gas exchange in humans

The binomial name used for humans is $\textit{Homo sapiens}$. Which row is correct?

Concept and uses of classification systems

What product is made by anaerobic respiration in mammals?

Anaerobic respiration

Which row gives the functions of the bladder, kidneys and liver?

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates a reflex arc. Which label indicates the sensory neurone?

Coordination and response

The diagram illustrates the structure of the eye. Which part refracts light?

Sense organs

Which illness can be caused by smoking tobacco?

Drugs

What is produced when the nucleus of a sperm joins with the nucleus of an egg?

Sexual reproduction

The diagram illustrates the female reproductive system. In which part does implantation usually take place?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What precautions can help stop the spread of AIDS?

Sexually transmitted infections

The diagram presents a timeline of a woman’s menstrual cycle, and this cycle lasts for 28 days. On which days of the menstrual cycle is a woman most likely to become pregnant?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram illustrates what occurs during fertilisation. egg + sperm fertilised egg male embryo. Which sex chromosomes are found in the egg, sperm and fertilised egg shown?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

The diagram depicts a stonefly larva. Use the key to name the stonefly larva. 1 has two cerci at the end of the abdomen … go to 2 has three cerci at the end of the abdomen … go to 3 2 abdomen is longer than thorax … A thorax is longer than abdomen … B 3 gills can be seen on the thorax … C gills cannot be seen … D

Concept and uses of classification systems

A large number of the apple varieties found around the world developed from one wild species, Malus sieversii. Which processes were responsible for producing thousands of genetically distinct apple varieties?

Variation

The genetic diagram illustrates a monohybrid cross. B is the dominant allele, while b is the recessive allele. Which of the parents and offspring are heterozygous?

Monohybrid inheritance

The curve illustrates the distribution of a human characteristic. Which characteristic is represented by the curve?

Variation

A farmer cultivates several varieties of dates, which are a kind of fruit. The table lists some characteristics of the dates he grows. He wants to develop a new date variety by selective breeding. His aim is a medium-sized date that is straw coloured and soft, with a high yield. Which two varieties could the farmer breed together to produce the variety he wants?

Selection

The diagram illustrates a woodland food web. Which statement is correct?

Food chains and food webs

Which process puts carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and which process takes carbon dioxide out of the air?

Photosynthesis

The graph displays a population growth curve for an insect species that has been reintroduced to an island after earlier becoming extinct there. How long after reintroduction does the insect population size begin to be limited by resources such as food?

Populations

Biotechnology is used to produce ethanol for biofuels. Which kind of organism may be used to make the ethanol?

Biotechnology

State one example of genetic engineering.

Genetic modification

Which outcome is least likely to arise from deforestation?

Habitat destruction

Which structure in a plant cell regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Cell structure

What might stop a species from becoming endangered?

Conservation

The diagram illustrates part of a leaf in cross-section. Structures X and Y are both components of the same

Leaf structure

The photograph displays a chloroplast at a magnification of $\times 7000$. The image measures $70\,\text{mm}$ in length. What is the actual size of the chloroplast?

Size of specimens

By what process do carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and leave a mesophyll cell?

Diffusion

What are the characteristics of active transport?

Active transport

The data display the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion. The onion is tested using Benedict’s solution and iodine solution. Which combination of results is correct?

Biological molecules

Every living organism obtains energy from nutrient molecules inside its cells. What is the term for this characteristic?

Characteristics of living organisms

The apparatus illustrated is being used to carry out an experiment on starch digestion. After 20 minutes, which test-tube has the greatest amount of sugar?

Chemical digestion

An experiment was performed with the apparatus illustrated. The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the beginning and once more three hours later. In which test-tube would the carbon dioxide content decrease?

Photosynthesis

The diagram represents a leaf cross-section. Which part is xylem?

Xylem and phloem

What is the effect of a diet that lacks iron?

Diet

In which row are the site of production and the products of an enzyme shown correctly?

Chemical digestion

The diagram illustrates a plant cell. Which kind of plant cell is shown here?

Cell structure

The diagram displays two shoots at the beginning of an experiment on transpiration. What readings are likely to be shown by the spring balances after three days?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates a circulatory system. Which vessels transport oxygenated blood?

Blood vessels

Certain organisms can produce transmissible diseases. Which term is used for an organism that causes disease?

Diseases and immunity

The graph illustrates how the volume of air in a person's lungs changes while they are at rest during a period of $30\ \text{s}$. Which graph represents how the volume of air in the lungs of the same person changes immediately after they have completed five minutes of vigorous exercise?

Gas exchange in humans

The photographs depict two distinct rats, \emph{Rattus norvegicus} and \emph{Rattus rattus}. Which statement about these rats is correct?

Concept and uses of classification systems

When we breathe out, ......1...... is ......2...... through the lungs. Which words correctly fill gaps $1$ and $2$?

Gas exchange in humans

A person does strenuous exercise without taking in any water. What would be the concentration and volume of that person’s urine straight after exercise?

Homeostasis

The diagram illustrates a reflex arc. Which label indicates the sensory neurone?

Coordination and response

Which structures make up the central nervous system?

Coordination and response

In which part of the body is alcohol broken down?

Excretion in humans

The diagram displays parts of a flower. Which structure is the location where fertilisation occurs?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram illustrates the female reproductive system. In which part does implantation usually take place?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which precautions could help prevent AIDS from spreading?

Sexually transmitted infections

The diagram presents a timeline for a woman’s menstrual cycle, lasting 28 days. During which days of the menstrual cycle is a woman most likely to become pregnant?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What is the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next called?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

The diagram shows an arthropod. To which arthropod group does it belong?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram shows the chromosomes in one human cell. What can be concluded from the chromosomes present in this cell?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

The allele for detached earlobes is dominant over the allele for attached earlobes. Both parents are heterozygous for detached earlobes. What is the probability that their first child will have attached earlobes?

Monohybrid inheritance

Which example shows discontinuous variation?

Variation

Farmers have bred Holstein-Friesian cattle so that they give more milk than older cattle breeds. Which process was used to create these cattle?

Selection

The diagram illustrates a food web. Which row contains a food chain from this food web?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates part of the carbon cycle. Which arrow shows photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis

Over a ten-year span, the rabbit population in a woodland decreases to half its original size. Rabbits are herbivores. What might have led to this change?

Populations

Making ethanol for biofuels happens in two stages. First, starch is changed into glucose by ......1...... . Next, glucose is changed into ethanol by ......2...... during ......3...... . Which row correctly fills in gaps 1, 2 and 3?

Anaerobic respiration

Scientists have developed a yellow variety of rice known as Golden Rice. This rice has been created by inserting genes into rice plants. What is involved in the production of Golden Rice?

Genetic modification

What is one harmful effect of deforestation on the environment?

Habitat destruction

Two cell types, one from an animal and one from a plant, were studied with a light microscope. Which row shows the correct set of cellular features that would be seen in the cells?

Cell structure

Which of these is a greenhouse gas?

Pollution

The diagram illustrates a portion of a leaf in cross-section. Structures X and Y are both components of the same

Leaf structure

In a photograph, the nucleus of a plant cell is shown as $2\,\text{mm}$ across. With a magnification of $\times 500$, what is the nucleus’s true size?

Size of specimens

By what process do carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and leave a mesophyll cell?

Diffusion

The diagram illustrates the apparatus used to investigate osmosis. At the start of the investigation, the volumes of solutions A, B, C and D were the same. After one hour, the solutions had risen up the glass tubes. Which solution was the most concentrated at the start of the investigation?

Osmosis

The data indicate the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion. The onion is tested using Benedict’s solution and iodine solution. Which of the sets of results below is correct?

Biological molecules

Which process takes place in both plants and animals?

Respiration

The apparatus illustrated is used in an experiment on starch digestion. After 20 minutes, which test-tube has the greatest amount of sugar?

Enzymes

An experiment was conducted with the apparatus illustrated. The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the beginning and then measured again three hours later. In which test-tube would the carbon dioxide content decrease?

Photosynthesis

The diagram illustrates a cross-section of a leaf. Which row gives the correct labels?

Leaf structure

What is the effect of a diet that lacks iron?

Diet

The diagram illustrates how salivary amylase, pancreatic lipase and stomach protease vary in activity at different pH values. Using the graph, what is the optimum pH for the protease enzyme?

Enzymes

The diagram shows a cross-section of the stem of a dicotyledonous plant. Which tissue carries water and mineral ions?

Xylem and phloem

The diagram illustrates two shoots at the beginning of an experiment on transpiration. What readings are likely to be shown by the spring balances after three days?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates a circulatory system. Which vessels transport oxygenated blood?

Blood vessels

Some pathogens are prevented from entering the body by the body’s first line of defence. Which structure is a first line of defence?

Diseases and immunity

The graph shows how the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest changes over a period of 30 seconds. Which graph shows how the volume of air in the lungs of the same person changes immediately after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?

Gas exchange in humans

What is meant by the term species?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Glucose is needed for respiration. Which other molecule is needed for aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration

Which row correctly identifies the organ from which each substance is excreted?

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates a reflex arc. Which label indicates the sensory neurone?

Coordination and response

The diagram illustrates how the iris and pupil look under three different lighting conditions. Which row indicates the size of the eye’s pupil in each lighting condition?

Sense organs

Several possible consequences of injecting substances are shown. Which of these consequences are linked to injecting heroin?

Drugs

Whenever asexual reproduction occurs, there is always

Asexual reproduction

The diagram illustrates the female reproductive system. In which location does implantation normally take place?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What precautions could be taken to help stop the spread of AIDS?

Sexually transmitted infections

The diagram presents a timeline for a woman’s menstrual cycle, and this cycle lasts for 28 days. During which days of the menstrual cycle is a woman most likely to become pregnant?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What name is used for the different versions of a gene?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Woodlice are arthropods that have 14 jointed legs. Which arthropod class do they belong to?

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which cells in the human body are made by meiosis?

Meiosis

Two pea plants that produce white flowers are crossed. Among the offspring pea plants, some have red flowers while others have white flowers. Which statement about the parent pea plants is correct?

Monohybrid inheritance

The diagram illustrates a plant reproducing asexually by producing a plantlet on a runner. The leaves on the plantlet look different from those on the parent plant. Which statement accounts for the difference in the leaf shape of the plantlet?

Asexual reproduction

A section of the natural selection process is outlined. Organisms generate many ……1……, leading to competition for ……2……. This shows that organisms are struggling for ……3……. Which row correctly fills spaces 1, 2 and 3?

Selection

Which organism in the food chain illustrated makes use of light energy?

Food chains and food webs

What does the term food chain mean?

Food chains and food webs

Elk are mammals, and they are herbivores. The graph shows the total number of elk in a national park from 1978 to 2008. What is one possible explanation for the change in the elk population between 1998 and 2000?

Populations

Bacteria display the following characteristics. 1 the capacity to form complex molecules 2 the ability to reproduce rapidly 3 possess a cell membrane 4 contain cytoplasm Which features make bacteria useful in biotechnology?

Biotechnology

Some washing powders include enzymes together with detergent. In an experiment, three pieces of cloth were each stained with the same material. They were placed in separate beakers containing detergent, with enzyme added to some of them, at $40\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ for 30 minutes. Which statement is correct for the results shown by this experiment?

Enzymes

Which activity is least likely to cause pollution?

Pollution

Sunflowers produce yellow blooms. Which cell structure is present in sunflower leaves but absent from the petals of the flowers?

Cell structure

What is employed in the conservation of species?

Conservation

The diagram illustrates a section of a leaf in cross-section. Structures X and Y are both components of the same

Leaf structure

A bacterial cell appears with a length of $40\,\text{mm}$ under a magnification of $\times 20\,000$. What is the cell’s true length?

Size of specimens

How do carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and leave a mesophyll cell?

Diffusion

The diagram depicts four identical pieces of potato in test-tubes. The potato pieces were left in the arrangement shown for six hours. Which potato piece would show the largest increase in mass?

Osmosis

The data indicate the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion. The onion is then tested using Benedict’s solution and iodine solution. Which result set is correct?

Biological molecules