May/June 2018

Which living organisms perform respiration, growth, movement and excretion?

Characteristics of living organisms

An experiment was done to examine how pH affects enzyme action. The graph displays the results. What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?

Enzymes

The photosynthesis equation is displayed below. ......1...... + ......2...... $\rightarrow$ glucose + ......3...... Which words correctly fill gaps 1, 2 and 3?

Photosynthesis

Which food source provides the highest amount of vitamin C in a balanced diet?

Diet

Which dietary constituent is needed in greater amounts by a young, active woman than by a young, active man?

Diet

Which condition might result from a deficiency of iron?

Diet

The diagram illustrates part of a cross-section of a plant stem. Which tissue carries water from the roots to the leaves?

Xylem and phloem

Petroleum jelly does not let water through and is see-through. If a plant’s leaf undersides are coated with a thin film of petroleum jelly, the rate at which water is lost from the plant will decrease. Which statement gives the explanation?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates the human heart. In what sequence does blood move through the chambers in a complete circuit of the body after it comes back from the lungs?

Heart

The diagrams illustrate several components found in the blood of a mammal. Which component makes the blood begin to clot?

Blood

Which statement gives a description of a transmissible disease?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram depicts an animal with the scientific name $\textit{Falco peregrinus}$. What species is it classified in?

Concept and uses of classification systems

A sample of expired air is trapped in a gas jar. A second gas jar contains normal atmospheric air. A lighted candle is put into each gas jar, as illustrated. The time for each flame to extinguish is recorded. While the candles burn, they use the oxygen present in the jar. The table presents the findings from this experiment. Gas jar X: $15\ \text{s}$ Gas jar Y: $9\ \text{s}$ Explain why the results for jars X and Y are different.

Gas exchange in humans

Which row gives the description of anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates the excretory system. What is structure X?

Excretion in humans

Which structures function as effectors?

Coordination and response

Name the hormone that is involved in changing glucose into glycogen?

Hormones

Which process used to keep body temperature stable depends on muscle action?

Homeostasis

Antibiotics can help treat certain diseases. Which diseases might they work against?

Diseases and immunity

The graph illustrates the number of people infected with HIV in one region of the world from 1985 to 2010. Using information from the graph, which statement is correct?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates reproduction in a potato plant. Potato X was placed in the soil and a plant developed from it. The plant then formed potato Y. Which statement is correct?

Asexual reproduction

Which row correctly matches the named process to its description?

Diffusion

What sort of skin do amphibians possess?

Features of organisms

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be spread through body fluid. A few examples of body fluids are given below. Which of these body fluids could spread HIV?

Diseases and immunity

Which birth control method involves having a surgical procedure?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram illustrates how sex is inherited in humans. What is the probability that the couple’s next child will be male?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

What kind of cell is formed by meiosis?

Meiosis

What factors will make the mutation rate increase?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

A characteristic of some plants that grow in dry habitats is that their leaves are reduced to spines. What advantage does this give?

Adaptive features

Black truffle is a fungus that gains nutrients from the roots of hazel trees. Female pigs locate and consume the fungi. What is the main source of energy in this food chain?

Energy flow

The diagram illustrates a food chain. apple tree $\rightarrow$ herbivorous insects $\rightarrow$ carnivorous insects $\rightarrow$ bird Which pyramid of numbers matches this food chain?

Food chains and food webs

Certain washing powders are described as biological washing powders. Why are they given this name?

Enzymes

Give one example of genetic engineering.

Genetic modification

The diagram depicts a flowering plant. Use the key to identify the plant.

Concept and uses of classification systems

What is one harmful effect on an ecosystem of large-scale monoculture?

Habitat destruction

The diagram shows a plant cell. In which labelled part of the cell is sugar produced?

Photosynthesis

Why do certain root cells form root hairs?

Water uptake

Which words correctly fill the paragraph? Diffusion can be described as the overall movement of particles from an area of their ......1...... concentration to an area of their ......2...... concentration, with the movement occurring ......3...... a concentration gradient.

Diffusion

Which region of a plant root hair is partially permeable?

Cell structure

The table presents the outcomes of food tests performed on a fruit. What substances were present in the fruit?

Biological molecules

Which organisms perform respiration, growth, movement and excretion?

Characteristics of living organisms

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph presents the results. What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?

Enzymes

The apparatus is arranged as shown. The green indicator becomes yellow when the concentration of carbon dioxide rises. The green indicator becomes blue when the concentration of carbon dioxide falls. After several hours, the indicator in test-tube X became blue. The indicator in test-tube Y stayed green. Which process brought about the colour change?

Photosynthesis

For what reason do plants require nitrate ions?

Biological molecules

In which section of the alimentary canal do chemical digestion and mechanical digestion occur?

Digestive system

The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal. In which part is most water absorbed?

Absorption

A celery stalk was immersed in a beaker that contained a red stain. After 24 hours, the red stain was seen at the top of the celery stalk. Which structures would have become red?

Xylem and phloem

A student is investigating how temperature affects the rate of transpiration. Which environmental conditions should be kept unchanged during this investigation?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates the human heart. After blood comes back from the lungs, in what order does it move through the chambers during one complete circuit of the body?

Heart

The diagrams illustrate several components of a mammal’s blood. Which component causes the blood to begin clotting?

Blood

Mucus is made by the body as protection against disease. What kind of defence is stomach acid?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram depicts an animal with the scientific name $\text{Falco peregrinus}$. Which species is it classified as belonging to?

Concept and uses of classification systems

A sample of expired air is gathered in a gas jar. A second gas jar is filled with normal atmospheric air. A lighted candle is then put into each gas jar, as shown. The time for each flame to go out is recorded. As the candles burn, they use the oxygen present in the jar. The table gives the results of this experiment. What explains the difference in the results for jars X and Y?

Gas exchange in humans

Which row gives the description of anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates the excretory system. What is structure X?

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates the structures in a reflex arc. What is X?

Coordination and response

Which row shows the effect of the hormone adrenaline on breathing rate, pulse rate and pupil size?

Hormones

The diagram shows a seedling growing inside a dark box. Which kind of responses control the direction in which the root and the shoot grow in this experiment?

Tropic responses

What does the term drug mean?

Drugs

The graph illustrates the number of alcohol-related deaths among men and women from 2001 to 2005 in one country. Which conclusion is supported by the data shown in the graph?

Drugs

The diagram illustrates a potato tuber that formed from the stem of the parent potato plant. Three shoots are beginning to grow from the tuber. How do the genotypes of the shoots compare with those of the tuber and the parent?

Asexual reproduction

The list contains several terms linked to sexual reproduction in organisms. 1 male gamete 2 female gamete 3 ovule 4 ovary 5 filament 6 fertilisation 7 haploid Which of these terms are used only in sexual reproduction in plants?

Sexual reproduction in plants

What sort of skin do amphibians possess?

Features of organisms

The diagram shows the stages in a menstrual cycle. At which stage does menstruation take place?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram illustrates part of the female reproductive system, with a birth control device positioned in it. Which birth control device is shown being used?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which chromosomes are present in one sperm cell?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

What term is given to an organism with two different alleles of a particular gene?

Monohybrid inheritance

What does the term adaptive feature of an organism mean?

Adaptive features

What must be present for natural selection to take place?

Selection

Which energy source is the main one for most food chains?

Energy flow

The diagram illustrates a section of the carbon cycle. Which process is absent from the diagram?

Nutrient cycles

Genetic engineering has been used to manufacture human insulin. Into what type of cell were the human genes for insulin introduced?

Genetic modification

Why are chemical fertilisers used in food production?

Food supply

The diagram presents a flowering plant. Use the key to work out the plant.

Concept and uses of classification systems

Apart from carbon dioxide, which other gas is mainly responsible for the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Pollution

The diagram illustrates a plant cell. In which labelled part of the cell is sugar produced?

Photosynthesis

Why do some root cells develop root hairs?

Water uptake

The table gives the concentrations of gases in a blood vessel and in an alveolus. Which row indicates the conditions that make a gas produced in respiration diffuse from the blood vessel into the alveolus?

Gas exchange in humans

Which section of a plant root hair is partially permeable?

Cell structure

The table presents the outcomes of food tests performed on a fruit. What substances were present in the fruit?

Biological molecules

What kinds of organisms carry out respiration, growth, movement and excretion?

Characteristics of living organisms

An investigation was conducted to examine how pH affects enzyme action. The graph presents the findings. What should the x-axis and y-axis be labelled?

Enzymes

The diagram presents a cross-section of a leaf. What are the structures P, Q, R and S?

Leaf structure

Which dietary component, when lacking, can lead to constipation?

Diet

During pregnancy, a woman needs a higher intake of calcium in her diet. Which statement gives the reason for this?

Diet

The diagram illustrates part of the alimentary canal. Which row correctly names the structures labelled J to M?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates the route taken by water as it moves from the soil into a plant. soil $\rightarrow$ X $\rightarrow$ Y $\rightarrow$ Z $\rightarrow$ mesophyll cells Which cells do X, Y and Z stand for?

Water uptake

What factor will not influence the rate of transpiration?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates the human heart. After blood comes back from the lungs, in what sequence does it move through the chambers during one full circuit of the body?

Heart

The diagrams illustrate several components found in the blood of a mammal. Which component makes the blood begin to clot?

Blood

What does the term indirect method of transmitting disease mean?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram depicts an animal with the scientific name $\textit{Falco peregrinus}$. Which species is it a member of?

Concept and uses of classification systems

A sample of expired air is placed in a gas jar. A second gas jar holds ordinary atmospheric air. A lit candle is then put into each gas jar, as illustrated. The time for each flame to go out is recorded. While the candles burn, they consume the oxygen present in the jar. The table gives the findings from this experiment. Gas jar X: time for candle flame to go out = 15 s Gas jar Y: time for candle flame to go out = 9 s What explains the difference in the results for jars X and Y?

Gas exchange in humans

Which row gives the description of anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram depicts the excretory system. What structure is X?

Excretion in humans

What is the correct order in a reflex action?

Coordination and response

In 1921, Banting and Best removed a substance from an animal’s pancreas. This substance was then injected into children whose blood glucose levels were too high. After the injection, the children’s blood glucose levels returned to normal. Which substance in the pancreatic extract would bring the children’s blood glucose levels back to normal?

Hormones

A seed is positioned and allowed to grow on a rotating disc, as shown. Which diagram shows what the seedling shoot looks like after seven days?

Tropic responses

Which organ carries out the breakdown of alcohol in the human body?

Digestive system

Alcohol is a drug. Which statement is true?

Drugs

The following statements contain information about reproduction in different organisms. 1. Daffodil plants make genetically identical bulbs, and these grow into a new plant in the next year. 2. In summer, female aphids produce genetically identical offspring without fertilisation by a male. 3. Most banana plants are genetically identical because they were grown from a single parent plant. Which of these statements describes asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction

Which stages of sexual reproduction happen in both flowering plants and human reproduction? 1. Gametes are produced by meiosis. 2. Gametes combine to form a zygote. 3. The male gamete moves towards the female gamete.

Sexual reproduction

What type of skin do amphibians possess?

Features of organisms

Which structure in the female reproductive system makes oestrogen?

Sex hormones in humans

What hormone is linked to the development of secondary sexual characteristics?

Sex hormones in humans

A segment of DNA contains the instructions for making a protein. What term is being defined here?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

The diagrams illustrate the male and female reproductive organs in humans. In which part does meiosis occur?

Meiosis

The bar chart displays the heights of pea plants that were raised from 500 pea seeds. What kind of variation is shown by the plants?

Variation

The picture depicts a fox living in the desert. Which adaptation does the fox possess for surviving in the desert?

Adaptive features

The diagram illustrates a simple food chain. green plants $\rightarrow$ chickens $\rightarrow$ wild dogs Which process releases the energy that is lost at 1, 2 and 3?

Respiration

Which labelled stage of the water cycle represents precipitation?

Nutrient cycles

What is the name of the part that divides the left and right ventricles of the heart?

Heart

What could count as a source of air pollution?

Pollution

The illustration shows a flowering plant. Refer to the key to identify the plant.

Concept and uses of classification systems

Which process leaves the carbon dioxide level in the air unchanged?

Nutrient cycles

The diagram illustrates a plant cell. In which labelled structure is sugar produced?

Photosynthesis

Why are root hairs present on some root cells?

Water uptake

The diagram shows a cross-section of an alveolus and a capillary. By what process does carbon dioxide move from Y to X?

Gas exchange in humans

Which region of a plant root hair is partially permeable?

Osmosis

The table gives the findings from food tests performed on a fruit. Benedict’s test: positive Biuret test: positive Ethanol test: negative Iodine test: negative What substances were present in the fruit?

Biological molecules