Oct/Nov 2016

The diagram shows a plant that has been kept beside a window receiving sunlight for several weeks. Which two characteristics of living organisms have influenced the plant’s shape?

Characteristics of living organisms

By what process does carbon dioxide move through the stomata of a leaf?

Leaf structure

Plant roots absorb nitrates from the soil. What are the nitrates used to form?

Biological molecules

A child chose to eat only meat, oily fish, cheese and bread, and to drink only water. Which nutrient would be present at low levels in this diet?

Diet

The diagram illustrates the human alimentary canal. Which labelled part absorbs the greatest amount of water?

Absorption

Which substances are formed when amylase acts on starch?

Enzymes

The diagram illustrates the stem of a plant. A section of the outer tissue, including the phloem, has been taken away. What effect will this have on transport in the plant?

Translocation

The diagrams illustrate stages in the movement of water through a plant. Which arrow indicates water moving as water vapour?

Transpiration

Which graph illustrates how increasing humidity affects the rate of transpiration?

Transpiration

The diagram illustrates a garden pond containing a fountain that is operated by a pump. The fountain transfers oxygen from the air to the fish living in the pond. This system can be likened to part of the human circulatory system. The pump is likened to the heart. What do P and Q correspond to?

Blood vessels

The diagram shows cross-sections of three kinds of blood vessel, drawn to different scales. Which cross-section is from a vein, and which is from a capillary?

Blood vessels

Which feature is found in amphibians but not in reptiles?

Features of organisms

The diagram shows human blood cells viewed through a microscope. What is the function of cell X?

Blood

What is the approximate makeup of the air that a person exhales?

Gas exchange in humans

What substances are made during respiration in humans?

Respiration

The apparatus shown is arranged as illustrated and then left for one hour. The mixture gives off a gas, which makes the indicator solution turn cloudy. Which indicator solution is this?

Respiration

A person is routinely attached to a machine that takes wastes, together with excess salts and water, out of their blood. Which organ’s function does the machine perform?

Excretion in humans

The diagram illustrates the human nervous system. Which two structures make up the central nervous system?

Coordination and response

The flow diagram illustrates the route by which pupil diameter is reduced when the light is bright. bright light → receptor cell → X → central nervous system → neurone → reduced pupil diameter What does X stand for?

Coordination and response

The diagram illustrates seedlings in two experiments investigating the tropic response of seedlings to gravity and light. In what ways have the seedlings responded?

Tropic responses

At what point does fertilisation take place in humans?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram depicts part of the reproductive system of a human female. In which labelled region would a zygote normally implant?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram depicts an insect. Apply the key to identify the insect. 1 wings present .......................................... proceed to 2 wings absent .......................................... A 2 two pairs of wings .......................................... proceed to 3 one pair of wings .......................................... B 3 wings with circular markings .......................................... C wings without circular markings .......................................... D

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagrams illustrate four methods of birth control. Which one is inserted into the uterus?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What does the term allele mean?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which row gives the description of the cells formed by meiosis, and a function of this kind of nuclear division?

Meiosis

A brown mouse is crossed with a white mouse. In the first set of offspring, there are 8 brown mice and 9 white mice. The same pair is then crossed again. In the second set of offspring, there are 9 brown mice and 7 white mice. What are the parents’ genotypes most likely to be?

Monohybrid inheritance

What is the main source of energy entering a food chain?

Energy flow

The diagram illustrates a food web. Which arrow does not indicate the direction of energy flow?

Food chains and food webs

The diagram illustrates part of the carbon cycle. Which process is labelled Z?

Nutrient cycles

The graph illustrates the population of mosquito larvae in a pond. On day 3, fish that feed on mosquito larvae are introduced into the pond. What is the most likely explanation for the fall in the larvae population after day 3?

Food chains and food webs

For what reason is yeast used in bread-making?

Anaerobic respiration

Which farming activity does not cause pollution in nearby rivers?

Pollution

The diagram illustrates a spongy mesophyll cell taken from a green leaf. Which of the labelled structures are absent in animal cells?

Cell structure

The diagram presents the findings of a survey on the kinds of animals present along a section of river close to a factory. Which of the following animals is found in the water with the highest pollution level?

Pollution

What features do the cell walls of a xylem vessel have?

Xylem and phloem

The diagram depicts a plant cell that has lost water to the surrounding solution by osmosis. Which structure is the partially permeable membrane?

Osmosis

Which option identifies the chemical elements present in proteins?

Biological molecules

What determines the rate of chemical reactions in all living cells?

Enzymes

In which part of a green leaf are carbohydrates produced?

Photosynthesis

Which characteristic of living organisms causes oxygen to be produced in a plant leaf when it is exposed to sunlight?

Photosynthesis

The diagram shows part of a leaf viewed in cross section under a microscope. What are the names of regions 1, 2 and 3?

Leaf structure

Plant roots absorb nitrates from the soil. What do the nitrates help to produce?

Biological molecules

A child chose to eat only meat, oily fish, cheese and bread, and to drink only water. Which nutrient would be present in low amounts in this diet?

Diet

Which functions are performed by the small intestine?

Digestive system

The diagram depicts part of the human alimentary canal and the organs linked to it. In which part does amylase act on food?

Chemical digestion

The diagram illustrates the stem of a plant. A strip of the outer tissue, including the phloem, has been removed. How is transport in the plant affected?

Translocation

A plant shoot is put into a dye solution. The dye then travels up the stem. In which conditions will the dye travel most slowly?

Transpiration

Which process sends water vapour from tree leaves into the atmosphere?

Transpiration

Which blood vessel supplies blood to the muscle of the heart?

Blood vessels

Which heart chamber takes blood directly from the pulmonary vein?

Heart

The scientific name of humans is $\textit{Homo sapiens}$. What does $\textit{Homo}$ denote?

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagram displays human blood cells as they appear under a microscope. What is the function of cell X?

Blood

What does the term chemical barrier to pathogens mean?

Diseases and immunity

The diagram illustrates the breathing system. Which structures have been labelled?

Gas exchange in humans

The equations show chemical reactions that occur in living organisms. Which reaction gives out the largest amount of energy?

Aerobic respiration

In which organ is urea formed, and from which organ is it excreted?

Excretion in humans

Within reflexes, what term is used for light, heat and sound?

Coordination and response

What function does the cornea have?

Sense organs

The diagram illustrates seedlings in two experiments investigating the tropic response of seedlings to gravity and light. In what ways have the seedlings responded?

Tropic responses

At what point does fertilisation take place in humans?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Pollination is the process by which pollen grains are transferred from

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram depicts an insect. Use the key to identify the insect. Key: 1 wings present \(\rightarrow\) go to 2 wings absent \(\rightarrow\) A 2 two pairs of wings \(\rightarrow\) go to 3 one pair of wings \(\rightarrow\) B 3 wings with circular markings \(\rightarrow\) C wings without circular markings \(\rightarrow\) D

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagrams illustrate four methods of birth control. Which one is inserted into the uterus?

Sexual reproduction in humans

Which type of birth control can help protect a person against sexually transmitted infections?

Sexually transmitted infections

What combination of chromosomes from the egg cell and sperm cell is required to produce a boy?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Which of the following is not a function of meiosis?

Meiosis

A farmer purchases a bull that has unusual curved horns. He wants to find out whether the bull is pure-breeding for curved horns. He mates the bull with cows in his herd, all of which are pure-breeding for straight horns. Which proportion of the calves would show that the bull is pure-breeding for curved horns?

Monohybrid inheritance

An organism’s phenotype refers to its observable characteristics.

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

This insect is generally light-coloured, which allows it to blend in with tree trunks. On rare occasions, black forms of this insect are seen. If pollution causes the tree to become darker in colour, the black forms become more common. Which process leads to this?

Selection

The graph illustrates the rise in the global human population. What factors have helped cause this rise?

Populations

What is the reason yeast is used when making bread?

Anaerobic respiration

Give one example of genetic engineering.

Genetic modification

Which diagram shows a typical plant cell?

Cell structure

The diagram presents the findings from a survey of the kinds of animals present along a section of river close to a factory. Which of the following animals inhabits the most polluted water?

Pollution

Which of the following is not an organ?

Features of organisms

The diagram illustrates a plant cell that has lost water to its surroundings by osmosis. Which part is the partially permeable membrane?

Osmosis

Which option identifies the chemical elements present in proteins?

Biological molecules

The graph illustrates how temperature affects an enzyme-controlled reaction. Which statement describes the effect of temperature on this reaction?

Enzymes

In a green leaf, where are carbohydrates produced?

Photosynthesis

Which two characteristics of living organisms are involved in breathing out?

Characteristics of living organisms

The diagram shows a leaf in cross-section, viewed using a microscope. What are tissues 1, 2 and 3?

Leaf structure

Plant roots absorb nitrates from the soil. What are nitrates needed to produce?

Biological molecules

A child chose to eat only meat, oily fish, cheese and bread, and to drink only water. Which nutrient would be present in low amounts in this diet?

Diet

In what sequence do the processes that occur in the alimentary canal happen?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates a section of the human alimentary canal. Which organ is responsible for producing hydrochloric acid?

Digestive system

The diagram illustrates a plant stem. A band of the outer tissue, including the phloem, has been taken away. In what way is transport in the plant affected?

Translocation

Once water has moved through a plant’s root hair cells, which tissue does it travel through next?

Water uptake

The diagram illustrates a section of a leaf in cross section. Which arrow indicates the direction in which water moves by osmosis in a leaf?

Osmosis

The graph illustrates how several minutes of vigorous exercise affect heart rate. At what point does the person cease doing the exercise?

Heart

The aorta carries

Blood vessels

A team of scientists has found a previously unknown animal species. Its body is divided into segments, and each segment carries two pairs of legs. Which animal group does this newly discovered species belong to?

Features of organisms

The diagram illustrates human blood cells as they appear under a microscope. What is the role of cell X?

Blood

Which organisms cause disease?

Diseases and immunity

A student breathes through a straw into limewater. How does the limewater look before blowing through the straw and after blowing through the straw?

Respiration

Which statement about aerobic respiration in muscles is correct?

Aerobic respiration

To demonstrate that a green plant can take in oxygen, under which condition should it be kept, and why?

Aerobic respiration

Following a meal that includes a large quantity of meat, urine is likely to contain

Excretion in humans

Which one of these neurones is located in the peripheral nervous system?

Coordination and response

The diagram illustrates seedlings in two experiments on the tropic response of seedlings to gravity and light. In what way have the seedlings responded?

Tropic responses

At what point does fertilisation take place in humans?

Sexual reproduction in humans

The diagram shows a flower split into two halves. Which structure accepts pollen grains during pollination?

Sexual reproduction in plants

The diagram depicts an insect. Use the key to identify which insect is shown. 1 if wings are present .......................... go to 2 if wings are absent ............................ A 2 if there are two pairs of wings .............. go to 3 if there is one pair of wings .................. B 3 wings showing circular markings ............. C wings showing no circular markings ............ D

Concept and uses of classification systems

The diagrams illustrate four methods of birth control. Which one is inserted into the uterus?

Sexual reproduction in humans

What term refers to ‘a thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes’?

Chromosomes, genes and proteins

What is one role of meiosis?

Meiosis

In mice, the allele for black hair is dominant over the allele for brown hair. If a homozygous black mouse is crossed with a heterozygous black mouse, what proportion of the offspring will have black hair?

Monohybrid inheritance

Which one of these human characteristics is an example of continuous variation?

Variation

The diagram illustrates the transfer of energy through an ecosystem. What does X stand for?

Energy flow

A herd of red deer lives in a woodland that also has snakes and many different birds. Which group of organisms counts as a population?

Populations

Which of the following is not a reason why bacteria are used extensively in biotechnology?

Biotechnology

The diagram illustrates the production of ethanol from a sugar solution that contains yeast. After five hours, bubbles formed in the mixture. Which gas makes up most of these bubbles?

Anaerobic respiration

The diagram illustrates part of a food web. Fishermen frequently catch and take away large fish. What is most likely to happen to the numbers of penguins, small fish and seals?

Food chains and food webs

Which characteristic indicates that the cell is a plant cell?

Cell structure

The diagram presents the results of a survey on the types of animals found along a section of river near a factory. Which of the following animals lives in the most polluted water?

Pollution

A student produced a large drawing of a leaf, as shown. The drawing measured 160 mm. The teacher observed that the diagram was twice as large as the leaf. What was the leaf's actual size?

Size of specimens

The diagram illustrates a plant cell that has lost water to its surroundings through osmosis. Which structure is the partially permeable membrane?

Osmosis

Which statement identifies the chemical elements present in proteins?

Biological molecules

The graph shows how an enzyme’s activity changes as the temperature changes. State the enzyme’s optimum temperature and the temperature at which the enzyme is no longer active.

Enzymes

In a green leaf, where are carbohydrates produced?

Photosynthesis