Define specific heat capacity in precise terms.
A beaker containing a fixed mass of water is at atmospheric pressure.
The water starts at $0^\circ\text{C}$. Thermal energy $E$ is transferred to it, raising its temperature to $8^\circ\text{C}$. There is no net change in the water's volume. Apply the first law of thermodynamics to complete Table 2.1 for this change.
The water is then heated again, so its temperature rises by another $8^\circ\text{C}$ to a final temperature of $16^\circ\text{C}$. In this process the water's volume increases, so work $W$ is done. Assume that the change in internal energy is the same as in (b)(i). Use the first law of thermodynamics to complete Table 2.2 for this change.
Using the information in (b), suggest, with a reason, how the average specific heat capacity of water between $8^\circ\text{C}$ and $16^\circ\text{C}$ compares with the average value between $0^\circ\text{C}$ and $8^\circ\text{C}$.