With a simple kinetic model of matter, describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.
The specific latent heat of vaporisation is much greater than the specific latent heat of fusion for the same substance. Explain this in terms of the spacing of molecules.
A heater provides energy at a constant rate to $0.045\,\text{kg}$ of a substance. The change in the substance's temperature with time is shown in Fig. 3.1. The substance is perfectly insulated from its surroundings.
Determine the temperature at which the substance melts.
The heater has a power of $150\,\text{W}$. Use data from Fig. 3.1 to calculate, in $\text{kJ kg}^{-1}$, the specific latent heat of vaporisation $L$ of the substance.
Suggest what conclusion can be drawn from the fact that section $Q$ on the graph is less steep than section $P$.