Physics 9702 · AS & A Level · Resistance and resistivity

Resistance and resistivity — practice question

Lightning is produced when charge accumulates in the atmosphere, which sets up a potential difference between the ground and the atmosphere. In a lightning strike, the mean current is $3.3 \times 10^{4}\,\text{A}$ for a duration of $2.6 \times 10^{-5}\,\text{s}$.
(a)[2]

Calculate the amount of charge transferred in the lightning strike.

(b)[2]

The potential difference between the ground and the atmosphere is $3.0 \times 10^{7}\,\text{V}$. Calculate the average power transferred during the lightning strike, in $\text{GW}$.

(c(i))[3]

A lightning rod is fitted to a tall building so that charge can be carried safely to the ground. The lightning rod is modelled as a uniform cylindrical copper cable with a total length of $95\,\text{m}$ running from the ground to the top of the building, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The resistance of the lightning rod is $9.6\,\Omega$. The resistivity of copper is $1.7 \times 10^{-8}\,\Omega\,\text{m}$. Determine the radius of the lightning rod.

(c(ii))[1]

The radius of the copper lightning rod is doubled with no change to its length. State the effect of this change on the resistance of the lightning rod.

(d)[3]

A length of $0.12\,\text{m}$ of the lightning rod is removed for testing. A tensile stress of $1.9 \times 10^{6}\,\text{Pa}$ is applied, as shown in Fig. 3.2. The section of the rod follows Hooke’s law. The Young modulus of copper is $1.3 \times 10^{11}\,\text{Pa}$. Calculate the extension of the section.

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