State the meaning of rectification.
State the type of rectification produced by the circuit in Fig. 5.1.
A sinusoidal alternating voltage $V_{\text{IN}}$ is applied between input terminals X and Y. The change with time $t$ of $V_{\text{IN}}$ is described by $V_{\text{IN}} = 6.0 \sin 25\pi t$, where $V_{\text{IN}}$ is in volts and $t$ is in seconds. On Fig. 5.1, mark output terminals P and Q with the correct symbols to show the polarity of the output voltage $V_{\text{OUT}}$.
The size of the output voltage $V_{\text{OUT}}$ changes with $t$ as shown in Fig. 5.2. On Fig. 5.2, label both axes with the correct scales. Use the space below for any calculations you need.
The output voltage in (b) is smoothed by placing a capacitor in the circuit in Fig. 5.1. The difference between the largest and smallest values of the smoothed output voltage is $10\%$ of the peak voltage. On Fig. 5.1, draw the circuit symbol for a capacitor to show that it is correctly connected in the circuit.
On Fig. 5.2, sketch how the smoothed output voltage varies with $t$.
Calculate the capacitance $C$ of the capacitor.