Physics 9702 · AS & A Level · Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay — practice question

At the point of nuclear reactor decommissioning, a steel mass of $2.5 \times 10^{6}\,\text{kg}$ is discovered to be polluted by radioactive nickel-63 ($^{63}_{28}\text{Ni}$). The steel’s total activity arising from the nickel-63 contamination is $1.7 \times 10^{14}\,\text{Bq}$.
(a)[1]

Calculate the activity per unit mass for the steel.

(b(i))[1]

When the activity per unit mass caused by contamination is greater than $400\,\text{Bq kg}^{-1}$, special storage precautions are necessary. Nickel-63 is a $\beta$-emitter with a half-life of $92$ years. The largest energy of an emitted $\beta$-particle is $0.067\,\text{MeV}$. Use your answer in (a) to calculate the energy, in $\text{J}$, released each second in a mass of $1.0\,\text{kg}$ of steel due to the radioactive decay of the nickel.

(b(ii))[1]

Use your answer in (i) to suggest, with a reason, if the steel will be at a high temperature.

(b(iii))[3]

Use your answer in (a) to determine the time interval before special storage precautions for the steel are no longer needed.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 6-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Base your working on activity per unit mass

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