(a)[2]
State what radioactive decay means.
(b(i))[2]
On Fig. 12.2, use the symbols P, D and S to identify the curve for each of the three nuclides.
(b(ii))[2]
Nuclide P has a half-life of $60.0$ minutes. Calculate the decay constant $\lambda_p$, in $\text{s}^{-1}$, for this nuclide.
(c)[2]
In the decay chain shown in Fig. 12.1, $\lambda_p$ is approximately equal to $5\lambda_D$. The decay chain for another nuclide E is shown in Fig. 12.3. The decay constant $\lambda_F$ of nuclide F is much larger than the decay constant $\lambda_E$ of nuclide E. Using the half-life of nuclide F, explain why the number of nuclei of nuclide F in the sample is always small.