Physics 9702 · AS & A Level · Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay — practice question

The power for a space probe is to come from the energy released when plutonium-236 decays through emission of $\alpha$-particles. Each $\alpha$-particle has energy $5.75\,\text{MeV}$, and their energy is collected and turned into electrical energy with an efficiency of $24\%$.
(a(i))[1]

Calculate the energy, in joules, that is equivalent to $5.75\,\text{MeV}$.

(a(ii))[2]

Calculate the number of $\alpha$-particles per second needed to produce $1.9\,\text{kW}$ of electrical power.

(b(i))[2]

Each plutonium-236 nucleus, when it disintegrates, emits one $\alpha$-particle. Plutonium-236 has a half-life of $2.8\,\text{years}$. Calculate the decay constant, in $\text{s}^{-1}$, of plutonium-236.

(b(ii))[4]

Use your answers in (a)(ii) and (b)(i) to determine the mass of plutonium-236 needed to generate $1.9\,\text{kW}$ of electrical power.

(c)[2]

The minimum electrical power required for the space probe is $0.84\,\text{kW}$. Calculate the time, in years, for which the sample of plutonium-236 in (b)(ii) will continue to supply enough power.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 11-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Energy found as $9.2 \times 10^{-13}\,\text{J}$.

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