(a)[2]
What is meant by the sharpness of an X-ray image and by its contrast?
(b(i))[2]
A parallel X-ray beam of intensity $I$ enters a medium of thickness $x$. The transmitted intensity is $I_T$. State, with reference to X-ray production, what is meant by $80\,\text{keV}$ X-rays.
(b(ii))[2]
Calculate the ratio $\frac{I_T}{I}$ for $80\,\text{keV}$ X-rays travelling through $1.4\,\text{cm}$ of bone.
(c)[3]
An X-ray image of the upper leg of a student is produced. Part of the X-ray beam passes through a comparatively large thickness of muscle and part through some muscle and the leg bone. Use data from Fig. 10.2 to suggest whether the image has good contrast.