State how the intensity of the X-ray beam and its hardness are controlled in a modern X-ray tube. intensity: hardness:
The limb model is made up of soft tissue and bone, as shown in Fig. 11.1. The soft tissue is $9.0\,\text{cm}$ thick. The bone inside the soft tissue is $3.0\,\text{cm}$ thick. Values of the linear attenuation (absorption) coefficient $\mu$ for X-rays in soft tissue and in bone are given.
A parallel X-ray beam of intensity $I_0$ is incident normally on the model. Calculate, in terms of $I_0$, the transmitted intensity $I_s$ through soft tissue alone.
Calculate, in terms of $I_0$, the transmitted intensity $I_c$ through soft tissue and bone.
Using your answers to (b), suggest, with a reason, whether good contrast would be seen in an X-ray image.