(a)[2]
Distinguish sharpness from contrast in X-ray imaging.
(b)[2]
State two causes that can reduce the sharpness of an X-ray image.
(c)
Fig. 10.1 gives data for the linear attenuation (absorption) coefficient $\mu$ of X-ray photons. A parallel beam of X-rays is incident separately on $3.5\,\text{cm}$ of bone and on $8.0\,\text{cm}$ of muscle.
(c(i))[3]
Calculate the ratio $\dfrac{\text{intensity of X-ray beam transmitted through bone}}{\text{intensity of X-ray beam transmitted through muscle}}$.
(c(ii))[2]
Use your result in (i) to decide whether an X-ray image of the bone and muscle would have good or poor contrast.