(a)[2]
Calculate the greatest possible frequency of the X-ray photons emitted.
(b)[3]
Explain why an aluminium filter may be used in the X-ray beam when an X-ray image of a patient is being produced.
(c)
Table 11.1 gives the linear attenuation (absorption) coefficients $\mu$ for X-rays in bone, blood and muscle.
(c(i))[2]
Calculate the percentage of the X-ray beam intensity that is absorbed after it passes through $0.80\,\text{cm}$ of blood, for a beam of these X-rays incident on a person.
(c(ii))[2]
White regions in an X-ray image show more X-ray absorption than dark regions. State and explain how the X-ray image of bone differs from that of muscle.