State an expression, in terms of some or all of $d$, $q$ and $V$, for the magnitude of the electric field strength.
State an expression, in terms of some or all of $d$, $q$ and $V$, for the magnitude of the electric force acting on the nucleus.
State an expression, in terms of some or all of $d$, $q$ and $V$, for the kinetic energy of the nucleus when it reaches plate Y.
State the change, if any, in the kinetic energy of the nucleus on reaching plate Y when the distance $d$ is halved, but the p.d. $V$ remains the same.
State the change, if any, in the kinetic energy of the nucleus on reaching plate Y when the nucleus is replaced by a different nucleus that is an isotope of the original nucleus with fewer neutrons.
The nucleus is carbon-14 $^{14}_{6}\text{C}$. This nucleus decays to form a new nucleus by emitting a $\beta^-$ particle and one further particle of negligible mass. Calculate the nucleon number and the proton number of the new nucleus.
State the name of the particle with negligible mass.