Describe what is observed through the microscope.
Describe how Brownian motion gives evidence for the nature of the movement of gas molecules.
A fixed mass of an ideal gas has volume $2.40 \times 10^3\,\text{cm}^3$ at pressure $3.51 \times 10^5\,\text{Pa}$ and temperature $290\,\text{K}$. The gas is heated at constant volume until the temperature is $310\,\text{K}$ at pressure $3.75\times 10^5\,\text{Pa}$, as shown in Fig. 2.1. The thermal energy needed to increase the temperature of $1.00\,\text{mol}$ of the gas by $1.00\,\text{K}$ at constant volume is $12.5\,\text{J}$. Calculate, to three significant figures, the amount, in mol, of the gas.
Calculate the thermal energy transfer in the change.
For the change in the gas in (b), state the amount of external work done on the gas.
For the change in the gas in (b), state the change in internal energy and the direction of the change.