State the meaning of kinetic energy.
A cannon launches a shell vertically upward. It leaves the cannon at a speed of $80\,\text{m s}^{-1}$ and has a kinetic energy of $480\,\text{J}$. The shell then rises to a maximum height of $210\,\text{m}$. Air resistance is significant. Show that the mass of the shell is $0.15\,\text{kg}$.
For the shell's journey from the cannon to its highest point, calculate the gain in gravitational potential energy.
For the shell's journey from the cannon to its highest point, calculate the work done against air resistance.
Determine the average force due to air resistance on the shell as it travels from the cannon to its maximum height.
The shell leaves the cannon at time $t = 0$ and reaches its maximum height at time $t = T$. On Fig. 2.1, sketch how the velocity $v$ of the shell changes with time $t$ from time $t = 0$ to time $t = T$. You do not need numerical values for $v$ or $t$.
The force due to air resistance is a vector quantity. Compare the force due to air resistance on the shell during its rise with the force due to air resistance during its fall.
The shell leaves the cannon at time $t = 0$ and reaches its maximum height at time $t = T$. On Fig. 2.1, sketch how the velocity $v$ of the shell changes with time $t$ from time $t = 0$ to time $t = T$. You do not need numerical values for $v$ or $t$.
The force due to air resistance is a vector quantity. Compare the force due to air resistance on the shell during its rise with the force due to air resistance during its fall.