Physics 9702 · AS & A Level · Gravitational force between point masses

Gravitational force between point masses — practice question

A satellite moves in a circular path of radius $r$ around the Earth, whose mass is $M$, as shown in Fig. 1.1. The Earth’s mass may be treated as though it were concentrated at the centre.
(a)[3]

Show that the period $T$ of the satellite’s orbit is given by $T^2 = \frac{4\pi^2 r^3}{GM}$, where $G$ is the gravitational constant. Explain your working.

(b(i))[2]

A satellite in geostationary orbit seems to stay above the same point on the Earth and has a period of 24 hours. State two other characteristics of a geostationary orbit.

(b(ii))[2]

The Earth’s mass $M$ is $6.0 \times 10^{24}\,\text{kg}$. Use the relation in (a) to find the radius of a geostationary orbit.

(c)[2]

A global positioning system (GPS) satellite orbits the Earth at a height of $2.0 \times 10^4\,\text{km}$ above the Earth’s surface. The Earth’s radius is $6.4 \times 10^3\,\text{km}$. Use your answer in (b)(ii) together with the expression $T^2 \propto r^3$ to calculate, in hours, the period of the orbit of this satellite.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 9-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Gravitational force acts as/is the centripetal force

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