Physics 9702 · AS & A Level · Density and pressure

Density and pressure — practice question

A spherical balloon contains a fixed mass of gas. A small block is attached to the balloon by a string, as shown in Fig. 2.1. An external force keeps the block on the ground so that the string stays vertical. The density of the air around the balloon is $1.2\,\text{kg m}^{-3}$. The upthrust on the balloon is $0.071\,\text{N}$. The upthrust on the string and block is negligible.
(a)[2]

Using Archimedes’ principle, determine the radius $r$ of the balloon.

(b)[3]

The combined weight of the balloon, string and block is $0.053\,\text{N}$. When the external force holding the block on the ground is removed, the released block is lifted vertically upwards by the balloon. Calculate the acceleration of the block immediately after it is released.

(c)

The balloon keeps raising the block. The string snaps while the block is travelling vertically upwards at a speed of $1.4\,\text{m s}^{-1}$. After the snap, the detached block carries on upwards for a short time before descending vertically down to the ground. The block strikes the ground at a speed of $3.6\,\text{m s}^{-1}$. Assume that air resistance on the block is negligible.

(c(i))[2]

By examining the block’s motion after the string breaks, calculate how far above the ground the block is when the string breaks.

(c(ii))[2]

The string breaks at time $t = 0$ and the block reaches the ground at time $t = T$. On Fig. 2.2, sketch a graph to show how the velocity $v$ of the block varies with time $t$ from $t = 0$ to $t = T$. Numerical values of $t$ are not required. Assume that $v$ is positive upwards.

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This 9-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Here, $F = \rho g V$

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