The nuclide $^{14}_{6}\text{C}$ (carbon-14) is unstable and undergoes $\beta^-$ decay, releasing a high-energy electron and an antineutrino to produce a new nuclide $X$. The decay equation is shown as $^{14}_{6}\text{C} \rightarrow \,\dots\dots\, X + \,\dots\dots\, e^- + {}^{0}_{0}\bar{\nu}$. Complete the equation.
State the equation for $\beta^-$ decay using the fundamental particles involved.
Use your equation from (b)(i) to show that charge is conserved in $\beta^-$ decay.
Neutrinos were first suggested to exist more than 20 years before they were directly detected, so as to account for a specific experimental observation in $\beta$-decay. State one observation about $\beta$-decay that is explained by neutrinos.
Suggest how the existence of neutrinos accounts for the observation in (c)(i).