State one similarity of the electric fields shown in Fig. 7.1 and Fig. 7.2.
The electric field strength in Fig. 7.2 is smaller than that in Fig. 7.1. State two methods of reducing this electric field strength.
By referring to the properties of $\alpha$-particles and $\beta$-particles, suggest three explanations for the differences in the deflections shown in Fig. 7.1 and Fig. 7.2.
A source of $\alpha$-particles is uranium-238. The nuclear reaction for the emission of $\alpha$-particles is written as $^{238}_{92}\text{U} \rightarrow {}^{W}_{X}\text{Q} + {}^{Y}_{Z}\alpha$. State the values of $W$, $X$, $Y$ and $Z$.
A source of $\beta$-particles is phosphorus-32. The nuclear reaction for the emission of $\beta$-particles is written as $^{32}_{15}\text{P} \rightarrow {}^{A}_{B}\text{R} + {}^{C}_{D}\beta$. State the values of $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$.