State one similarity between the electric fields in Fig. 7.1 and Fig. 7.2.
The electric field strength in Fig. 7.2 is smaller than the field strength in Fig. 7.1. State two ways in which this electric field strength can be reduced.
Using the properties of $\alpha$-particles and $\beta$-particles, suggest three reasons for the different deflections seen in Fig. 7.1 and Fig. 7.2.
Uranium-238 is a source of $\alpha$-particles. The nuclear reaction for $\alpha$-particle emission is shown by $^{238}_{92}\text{U} \rightarrow {}^{W}_{X}\text{Q} + {}^{Y}_{Z}\alpha$. State the values of $W$, $X$, $Y$ and $Z$.
Phosphorus-32 is a source of $\beta$-particles. The nuclear reaction for $\beta$-particle emission is shown by $^{32}_{15}\text{P} \rightarrow {}^{A}_{B}\text{R} + {}^{C}_{D}\beta$. State the values of $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$.