(a)[1]
State what the term fundamental particle means.
(b(i))[3]
Nucleus $X$ contains $14$ nucleons and $p$ protons. Its charge-to-mass ratio is $4.1 \times 10^{7}\,\text{C kg}^{-1}$. Find $p$.
(b(ii))[3]
Nucleus $X$ decays by $\beta^{-}$ emission to produce nucleus $Z$. Complete the decay equation. $^{14}_{\dots}X \rightarrow ^{\dots}_{\dots}Z + \dots + \dots$
(c)[2]
A radioactive sample emits positively charged particles with a continuous range of kinetic energies. State and explain whether the nuclei in the sample are undergoing $\alpha$-decay, $\beta^{+}$ decay or $\beta^{-}$ decay.