Mathematics 9709 · AS & A Level · Differential equations

Differential equations — practice question

In this chemical reaction, compound $X$ is produced from compounds $Y$ and $Z$. After $t$ seconds from the start of the reaction, the masses in grams of $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ are $x$, $10 - x$ and $20 - x$ respectively. At every instant, the rate at which $X$ is formed is proportional to the product of the masses of $Y$ and $Z$ present at that instant. When $t = 0$, $x = 0$ and $\frac{dx}{dt} = 2$.
(i)[1]

Show that $x$ and $t$ satisfy the differential equation $\frac{dx}{dt} = 0.01(10 - x)(20 - x)$.

(ii)[9]

Solve this differential equation, and express $x$ in terms of $t$.

(iii)[1]

State how the value of $x$ behaves when $t$ is very large.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 11-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: State or imply $\frac{dx}{dt}=k(10-x)(20-x)$ and show that $k=0.01$

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