Economics 9708 · AS & A Level
Trade unions
100 practice questions on Trade unions, with worked solutions and instant marking.
The table shows the percentage of employment in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in four countries. Which of the four countries is most likely to be a developed country?
Feb/March 2016
In what ways might the employment composition and age structure of a developing country differ from those of a developed country?
Feb/March 2017
Which characteristics are commonly found in the least developed countries?
Feb/March 2018
The estimated turning point on the Kuznets Curve for income inequality is about US $10 500. For a country with a GDP per capita of $8000, which is most likely?
Feb/March 2018
Compare these approaches, then assess which one is likely to prove more effective.
Feb/March 2018
What does the Kuznets curve show?
Feb/March 2019
Which row gives the characteristics of a rapidly growing emerging economy? (the rows contain different combinations of GDP per head, birth rate and household saving ratio)
Feb/March 2019
Under which conditions is a poverty trap least likely to occur?
Feb/March 2021
Which factor is least likely to encourage sustainable economic growth in a developing economy?
Feb/March 2021
Which policy from developed economies would bring the greatest benefit to developing economies?
Feb/March 2021
Distinguish between productivity and the level of production, then discuss why productivity is likely to be lower in a developing economy than in a developed economy.
Feb/March 2021
A government wants to draw in foreign direct investment to help develop its economy. Which factor is most likely to do this?
Feb/March 2022
Which indicator is least likely to be used when comparing the economic development of a country?
Feb/March 2022
Many developing countries depend heavily on the production and export of primary products. This is the chief reason for low economic growth in developing countries and, therefore, the main explanation for the low standard of living in these countries. Discuss the extent to which you agree with this statement.
Feb/March 2022
Which extra components might be taken into account when assessing economic development but are not part of measures of economic growth?
Feb/March 2023
Which indicator is least likely to be used when comparing the economic development of one economy with another?
Feb/March 2023
Assess the effect of globalisation on the standard of living in low-income countries.
Feb/March 2023
What is likely to occur in a developing country as it becomes more developed?
Feb/March 2024
Which of the following is least likely to result in an increase in optimum population?
Feb/March 2025
Which item is excluded from the weighted poverty indicators used in the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?
Feb/March 2025
Which function is carried out by the World Bank but not by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
Feb/March 2025
A number of economists maintain that there is little evidence that aid improves economic development in less-developed countries. Which situation would support this claim?
Feb/March 2025
Explain what the term optimum population means.
Feb/March 2025
Identify two benefits Botswana offers to foreign investors.
May/June 2005
Explain what is meant by ‘GDP per capita’.
May/June 2006
Explain what benefits may result from encouraging investment in rural areas.
May/June 2006
Explain what GDP means.
May/June 2007
Some people argue that they are better off in a rural area, where congestion and pollution are lower. Others prefer cities because they provide employment and a wider range of leisure activities. If opinions about living standards differ within one country in this way, is there ever any chance of comparing living standards between countries accurately?
May/June 2007
Explain whether population growth is likely to have been quicker in developing countries than in developed countries.
May/June 2007
Explain what is meant by economic development in this context.
May/June 2008
Explain whether the money sent to Kenya by Kenyans working in the UK would count in Kenya’s GDP.
May/June 2009
Discuss whether governments should give up their traditional macroeconomic aims in favour of the alternatives mentioned in the statement above.
May/June 2009
What factors might account for the tendency of the terms of trade of most developing economies to deteriorate over time?
May/June 2010
What might account for the fact that the terms of trade of most developing economies usually deteriorate over time?
May/June 2010
‘Developing countries have a low standard of living, yet many have much wealth in natural resources which multi-national companies would like to exploit.’ Discuss which is the better way of increasing the standard of living: to allow multi-national companies to exploit all the natural resources, or for the government to increase expenditure on education and health.
May/June 2010
Discuss which approach is better for raising the standard of living: allowing multi-national companies to exploit all the natural resources, or having the government increase expenditure on education and health.
May/June 2010
One major route by which a developing country may become a developed country is for government policy to focus on protecting domestic industry and investing in infrastructure. Do you agree that this is the most effective policy?
May/June 2011
When an economy develops, the relative significance of the different sectors of production alters. Explain, with examples, why the pattern of employment may change as an economy develops.
May/June 2011
As an economy develops, the relative significance of the different sectors of production changes. Explain, with examples, why the pattern of employment may alter as an economy develops.
May/June 2011
A country has a comparative advantage in producing spices. Why might it decide not to specialise in spices?
May/June 2012
What outcome is likely to follow the discovery of oil reserves in a developing economy?
May/June 2012
Which change is most likely to raise both economic growth and economic development over the long run?
May/June 2012
What is likely to happen as a consequence of the discovery of oil reserves in a developing economy?
May/June 2012
Which alteration would provide the strongest evidence that a country has undergone economic development?
May/June 2012
What are the principal characteristics of a developing country?
May/June 2012
Explain why developing countries often seek to raise economic growth.
May/June 2012
What are the main features of a developing country?
May/June 2012
The table presents indicators for four countries moving towards a market economy. Which country has met the greatest number of indicators of a successful transition?
May/June 2013
The table shows the percentage of employment in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in four countries. Which country is most likely to be a developing country?
May/June 2013
What sets a developed economy apart from a developing economy?
May/June 2013
Explain what changes may take place in the age distribution and occupational structure of a population as an economy changes from developing to developed.
May/June 2013
How does a developed economy differ from a developing economy?
May/June 2013
What is likely to be caused by foreign direct investment in developing economies?
May/June 2014
The table sets out the annual income thresholds per person that the World Bank used to group countries by their nominal Gross National Income (GNI) in 2000 and 2010. What might account for the changes shown in the table?
May/June 2014
What is most likely to lead to a rise in GDP per worker in a developing economy?
May/June 2014
A fair trade scheme encourages consumers in developed countries to buy food made by farming cooperatives in developing countries at a price above the one charged by commercial firms. Why could this be damaging to economic development?
May/June 2014
What is likely to happen as a result of foreign direct investment in developing economies?
May/June 2014
It is sometimes argued that a developing country always has a large population. Is a large population the feature that sets a developing country apart?
May/June 2014
An excess of labour but a shortage of capital. Is this the most important distinction between a developing economy and a developed economy?
May/June 2014
It is sometimes argued that a developing country always has a large population. Is having a large population the key characteristic of a developing country?
May/June 2014
As the former Soviet Union shifted away from a planned economy and towards a market economy, the share of household income saved fell. What might account for this?
May/June 2015
Which change would most clearly show that a country has undergone economic development?
May/June 2015
A developing country that gets foreign financial aid is most likely to see economic growth over the long run if it uses the money to
May/June 2015
The information shown below concerns one country over the four years indicated: (table of real GNP/head, life expectancy, % enrolled in secondary). What conclusion can be drawn with certainty from these data?
May/June 2015
Many people argue that the UN Human Development Index is a more effective measure of economic development than income per capita, since it takes account of
May/June 2015
In 2012, a table showing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per head indicated that only three of the world's ten richest countries had populations above 7 million. These were the United States: 315 million; the United Arab Emirates: 8.2 million; and Switzerland: 8 million. Explain how GDP is calculated and show how GDP at market prices is different from net national income at factor cost (basic prices).
May/June 2015
Describe what is meant by economic growth and judge whether it is always beneficial.
May/June 2015
'Labour is a resource; using resources improves economic wellbeing. Therefore, the chief aim of the government of a developing country that wants to raise wellbeing ought to be to support growth in its country's population.' Discuss this argument and decide whether you agree with it.
May/June 2015
Employees in poorer countries are often less productive than employees in richer countries even when both use the same technology. Which change would be most likely to solve this problem?
May/June 2016
Which change is most likely to raise both economic growth and economic development in the long term?
May/June 2016
What outcome is most likely to occur from foreign direct investment in developing economies?
May/June 2016
Identify the trends in working population in China and consider whether they are what might be expected in an emerging economy.
May/June 2016
Discuss which matters lie at the centre of the debate over a country's quality of life, and which indicators could be used to evaluate them.
May/June 2016
Imagine that you have been asked to prepare a report on the quality of life in your country. Discuss what would be important to include in your report and which economic indicators you would use in order to reach a conclusion.
May/June 2016
The table presents some United Nations population statistics for 2010 together with estimates for 2050. Which relationship can be verified from the table?
May/June 2017
In 2015, the World Bank agreed to provide Angola with a loan of $650 m to support economic stabilisation. The Bank stated that Angola had to adopt a fiscal policy that would promote diversification in its economy. Which policy would satisfy this requirement?
May/June 2017
Which variables are shown on the axes of a Kuznets curve diagram?
May/June 2017
A developing country experiences economic growth. That growth is most likely to result in economic development if it
May/June 2017
Explain why certain countries are described as developing. Suggest why the anticipated rise in population in developing economies is regarded as a cause for concern.
May/June 2017
Developed countries may at times restrict investment in rural areas, whereas developing countries often support rural development. Think about the reasons for this difference.
May/June 2017
Explain what is meant by economic growth. Think about why, if all countries are developing, some are described as developed countries.
May/June 2017
Which item is not counted as a weighted indicator of poverty in the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?
May/June 2018
‘Both developed and developing economies can face high levels of unemployment, high inflation rates and large current account deficits. For that reason, there is now no genuine difference between these two types of economy’. How far would you agree that this view is misleading?
May/June 2018
Identify two examples of ‘soft’ infrastructure referred to in the article.
May/June 2018
To what extent are you in agreement with this statement?
May/June 2018
Economists have suggested that the most effective policy for encouraging development is ‘trade not aid’. What does this proposal imply?
May/June 2019
The graphs present the Human Development Index and its component parts for Zimbabwe. During 2005–2010, which HDI components changed by amounts similar to the overall change?
May/June 2019
Economists have suggested that the best policy for promoting development is ‘trade not aid’. What does this proposal imply?
May/June 2019
Assess the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on developing economies.
May/June 2019
Explain the meaning of actual economic growth and potential economic growth.
May/June 2019
Assess the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on developing economies.
May/June 2019
By relocating from rural regions to major urban centres for employment, in what ways might economic migrants generate advantages in both locations in developing countries?
May/June 2020
Which change is most likely to raise both economic growth and economic development over the long term?
May/June 2020
What shows that a developing country is becoming less reliant on foreign aid?
May/June 2020
‘Developing countries have low levels of productivity and a high dependency ratio.' Explain what these two characteristics mean and assess whether they are connected.
May/June 2020
Compare the key features of developed and developing countries.
May/June 2020
‘Developing countries have low levels of productivity and a high dependency ratio.’ Explain the meaning of these two characteristics and consider whether they are linked.
May/June 2020
Some people try to enlarge their portion of wealth that already exists rather than generating any new wealth. In developing economies, this can cause difficulties. What is an example of this behaviour?
May/June 2021
The UK provides aid to the Ugandan government to be used on a school. A condition is that the materials must be bought from the UK. Which type of aid is not being given?
May/June 2021
The diagram illustrates the relative locations of two countries X and Y on a Kuznets curve. (X and Y positions on Kuznets curve) What does the diagram suggest?
May/June 2021