Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity

The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity — practice question

Nuclei with an odd proton count usually have fewer isotopes than nuclei with an even proton count.
(a(i))[2]

Complete Table 1.1 by giving the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons for the two stable gallium isotopes, $^{69}\text{Ga}$ and $^{71}\text{Ga}$.

(a(ii))[2]

Define what is meant by relative atomic mass.

(a(iii))[2]

The relative atomic mass of gallium, $A_r$, is $69.723$. The relative isotopic masses of $^{69}\text{Ga}$ and $^{71}\text{Ga}$ are $68.926$ and $70.925$, respectively. Use these data to calculate the percentage abundance of $^{69}\text{Ga}$ in elemental gallium. Assume that only the $^{69}\text{Ga}$ and $^{71}\text{Ga}$ isotopes are present. Give your answer to four significant figures.

(b(i))[1]

Explain why the two isotopes of potassium have the same chemical properties.

(b(ii))[1]

State the full electronic configuration of an atom of potassium.

(b(iii))[2]

The first, second and third ionisation energies of potassium are $418$, $3070$ and $4600\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$, respectively. Use this information to explain why potassium belongs in Group 1.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 10-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: For Column 1 and Column 3, the entries are the same: for $^{69}\mathrm{Ga}$, $31$ protons, $38$ neutrons and $31$ electrons; for $^{71}\mathrm{Ga}$, $31$ protons, $40$ neutrons and $31$ electrons.

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