Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · States of matter

States of matter — practice question

Benzene, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_6$, undergoes reaction with chloroethane, $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl}$, in the presence of an appropriate catalyst to give ethylbenzene, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{C}_2\text{H}_5$. With this catalyst present, the ion $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5^+$ is generated. Benzene then reacts with this ion.
(a)[1]

Complete the equation for the reaction of $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl}$ with this catalyst so that $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5^+$ is formed as one of the products. $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl} + \ldots \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5^+ + \ldots$

(b)

Ethylbenzene reacts with additional $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl}$ to produce a mixture of 1,2-diethylbenzene and 1,4-diethylbenzene.

(b(i))[1]

Draw the structures of 1,2-diethylbenzene and 1,4-diethylbenzene.

(b(ii))[1]

Explain why only a very small amount of 1,3-diethylbenzene is present in the product mixture.

(d(i))[1]

Explain the use of $\text{CDCl}_3$, rather than $\text{CHCl}_3$, as the solvent when obtaining these spectra.

(d(ii))[3]

Identify the substance shown by the spectrum in Fig. 6.1, and complete Table 6.1.

(d(iii))[1]

Identify the substance shown by the spectrum in Fig. 6.2, and complete Table 6.2.

(d(iv))[1]

When $\text{D}_2\text{O}$ is used as a solvent, the spectrum obtained is not the same as the spectrum in Fig. 6.2. Describe this difference and explain your answer.

(e)[1]

Benzene-1,2-dioic acid can be used to make $K$. Suggest the name of this type of reaction.

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