Draw a diagram to show the apparatus used to carry out electrophoresis. Label each relevant part of the apparatus.
How far an amino acid travels during electrophoresis is affected by the pH of the solution. For a given potential difference, state two other factors that will determine how far a particular amino acid moves in a fixed time during electrophoresis.
Many analytical and separation methods depend on substances having different partition coefficients. State what is meant by the term partition coefficient.
The partition coefficient of X between ethoxyethane and water is 40.0. A solution contains $4.00\,\text{g}$ of X dissolved in $0.500\,\text{dm}^3$ of water. Calculate the mass of X that can be removed from this aqueous solution by shaking it with $0.050\,\text{dm}^3$ of ethoxyethane.
The partition coefficient of X between ethoxyethane and water is 40.0. A solution contains $4.00\,\text{g}$ of X dissolved in $0.500\,\text{dm}^3$ of water. Calculate the mass of X that can be extracted from this aqueous solution by shaking it with two successive portions of $0.025\,\text{dm}^3$ of ethoxyethane.