State and explain the comparative hydrolysis rates of the compounds $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$, $\text{CH}_3\text{COCl}$ and $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Cl}$.
Epiibatidine is a weak base. State what the term weak base means.
Epibatidine has two nitrogen atoms, and either one can act as a base. It reacts with $\text{HCl(aq)}$. Complete the structure to show the product of this reaction.
As the nylon-6 monomer is hydrolysed, bonds are broken and made. Using the two stages of the reaction mechanism, complete the table by adding one tick ($\checkmark$) in each row to show the bond types broken and formed during the mechanism.
Draw two repeat units of nylon-6, with the amide bond shown in full.
An addition polymer that is made from two different alkene monomers is known as a co-polymer. A section of a polyalkene co-polymer is shown. Draw the structures of the two alkene monomers that form this co-polymer.
Polyamides, including nylon-6, may be produced from a monomer that has both an amine and an acyl chloride functional group. The nylon-6 monomer is $\text{H}_2\text{N}-(\text{CH}_2)_5-\text{C}(=\text{O})\text{Cl}$.
Explain why polyamides usually biodegrade more readily than polyalkenes.
Phenylethene can be made from benzene in three steps, as shown.
Deduce what compound $\text{H}$ is and draw its structure in the box.
Suggest the reagent(s) and conditions for steps 1-3.