State the relative basicities of ammonia, $\text{NH}_3$, propanamide, $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CONH}_2$, and propylamine, $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2$. Explain your answer.
Fig. 4.1 presents two alternative syntheses of propylamine. Identify compounds K and L and reagent M from Fig. 4.1.
Compound N is shown in Fig. 4.2. It is treated with an excess of concentrated $\text{HCl (aq)}$. N undergoes complete hydrolysis to produce three organic products. The products are separated from the reaction mixture at $\text{pH }4$. Draw the structures of the three organic products at $\text{pH }4$. Assume that the $\text{CH}_3\text{O}-$ group does not react.
Step 1 is a reduction. Complete the equation for this reaction. Use $[\text{H}]$ to represent one atom of hydrogen from the reducing agent. $\text{C}_7\text{H}_7\text{NO}_2 + \ldots$
Complete Table 4.1 with the details for each step in the synthesis shown in Fig. 4.3.