Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · Reaction kinetics

Reaction kinetics — practice question

A set of experiments at constant temperature is used to measure the initial rate of reaction for propanone and iodine in acid solution. $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3 + \text{I}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+\text{ catalyst}} \text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_2\text{I} + \text{HI}$ The rate equation was found experimentally to be: $\text{rate} = k[\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3][\text{H}^+]$
(a)[2]

State the order of reaction with respect to $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$, $\text{I}_2$, and $\text{H}^+$, and state the overall order of this reaction.

(b(i))[2]

The rate of this reaction is $5.40 \times 10^{-3}\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}\text{s}^{-1}$ when the concentration of $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$ is $1.50 \times 10^{-2}\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$, the concentration of $\text{I}_2$ is $1.25 \times 10^{-2}\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$, and the concentration of $\text{H}^+$ is $7.75 \times 10^{-1}\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$. Calculate the rate constant, $k$, for this reaction. State the units of $k$.

(b(ii))[1]

Complete the table by placing one tick (✓) in each row to show the effect of decreasing the temperature on the rate constant and on the rate of reaction.

(b)

The rate of this reaction is $5.40 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}\ \text{s}^{-1}$ when: - the concentration of $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$ is $1.50 \times 10^{-2}\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$ - the concentration of $\text{I}_2$ is $1.25 \times 10^{-2}\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$ - the concentration of $\text{H}^+$ is $7.75 \times 10^{-1}\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$

(c)[2]

A graph from the results shows how the concentration of $\text{I}_2$ changes as the reaction proceeds. Describe how this graph could be used to determine the initial rate of the reaction.

(d)[1]

On the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the initial rate varies with different initial concentrations of $\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$ in this reaction.

(e)

The rate of a reaction between metal ions was investigated. A three-step mechanism has been proposed for this reaction, and Step 1 is the rate-determining step. Step 1: $\text{Ce}^{4+} + \text{Mn}^{2+} \rightarrow \text{Ce}^{3+} + \text{Mn}^{3+}$ Step 2: $\text{Ce}^{4+} + \text{Mn}^{3+} \rightarrow \text{Ce}^{3+} + \text{Mn}^{4+}$ Step 3: $\text{Mn}^{4+} + \text{Tl}^+ \rightarrow \text{Tl}^{3+} + \text{Mn}^{2+}$

(e(i))[1]

Explain the meaning of the term rate-determining step.

(e(ii))[2]

Use this mechanism to: - determine the overall equation for this reaction - suggest the role of $\text{Mn}^{2+}$ ions in this mechanism. Explain your answer.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 11-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Order in $CH_3COCH_3$ is $1$, order in $I_2$ is $0$, and order in $H^+$ is $1$; so the overall order is $2$

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