Polymers may be produced by addition polymerisation or condensation polymerisation. Complete the table to indicate the polymerisation method for nylon, PVC (polychloroethene) and *Terylene*.
*Nomex* is a polymeric material with excellent flame-resistant properties. It is made from a polymer formed from the two monomers shown. Draw the polymer structure with two repeat units, and show the links between monomer units in full displayed form.
Proteins are natural polymers. Explain what the term primary structure of a protein means.
Use the diagram to illustrate one way in which the $\alpha$-helix secondary structure in proteins is stabilised.
The tertiary structure of a protein is destroyed during the process of denaturation. Explain how the addition of alkali can cause this.
The tertiary structure of a protein is destroyed during the process of denaturation. Explain how the addition of $\text{Hg}^{2+}$ ions can cause this.
The tertiary structure of a protein is destroyed during the process of denaturation. Explain how heating to $70\ ^\circ\text{C}$ can cause this.