Complete the equations to represent the two kinds of polymerisation. Draw one repeat unit for each polymer and include any extra products. Addition polymerisation: $n\,\text{CH}_2{=}\text{CHCH}_3(g) \rightarrow$ … Condensation polymerisation: $n\,\text{HO}_2\text{CCH}_2\text{CO}_2\text{H}(s) + n\,\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH}(l) \rightarrow$ …
State the likely sign of the entropy change, $\Delta S^\circ$, for each of the two polymerisation types, and explain your answers: • $\Delta S^\circ$ for addition polymerisation • $\Delta S^\circ$ for condensation polymerisation
Complete the equation by entering the products in the box: $\text{R-CO}_2\text{H} + \text{H}_2\text{N-R'} \rightarrow$ … $+$ …
Use your answer to (i) to determine which bonds are broken and which are formed in the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine: • bonds that are broken • bonds that are formed
Use bond energy values from the Data Booklet to work out the enthalpy change, $\Delta H^\circ$, when one mole of amide bonds is produced in the reaction in (i).
Amide bonds may also be made by reacting acyl chlorides with amines. The enthalpy change for this process, $\Delta H^\circ$, is $-6.00\,\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$. Calculate the minimum entropy change, $\Delta S^\circ$, required for this reaction to be spontaneous (feasible) at $298\,\text{K}$.
The monomers of Kevlar, benzene-1,4-dioic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene, can be made as shown. State the reagents and conditions required for reaction 1.
The monomers of Kevlar, benzene-1,4-dioic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene, can be made as shown. State the reagents and conditions required for reaction 2.
Kevlar is both strong and rigid. Complete the table by identifying two intermolecular forces and the groups involved that account for these properties of Kevlar.