Reaction 1 is an oxidation reaction. Give the reagent(s) and conditions needed for reaction 1.
Construct an equation to show reaction 1. Use $[\text{O}]$ to represent an oxygen atom from the oxidising agent in this reaction.
Suggest the type of reaction taking place in reaction 2.
$\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ is acting as a homogeneous catalyst in reaction 3. Explain why $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ is called homogeneous.
Reaction 2 must be carried out without water present so that compound $\text{C}$ is not formed. If $\text{C}$ is in the reaction mixture of reaction 3, a different compound, compound $\text{D}$, will also be produced. Compound $\text{D}$ has two identical functional groups. The infrared spectrum of $\text{D}$ shows strong absorptions at $1100\,\text{cm}^{-1}$ and $1720\,\text{cm}^{-1}$, but there is no absorption due to O-H bonds. Use the Data Booklet to identify the functional group present in $\text{D}$. Explain your answer as fully as you can.
Draw the structure of E.
Suggest why $\text{NaBH}_4$ is not an appropriate reagent for making F, $(\text{CH}_2\text{OH})_2$, from C. Explain your answer.
Construct an equation for the reaction between $(\text{CH}_2\text{OH})_2$ and $\text{SOCl}_2$ to make G, $(\text{CH}_2\text{Cl})_2$.
Explain why C dissolves very readily in water.