Draw the displayed formula for P.
State the type of chemical reaction taking place in reaction 3.
Write an equation for reaction 4. Use [O] to stand for the oxidising agent.
State the reagents and conditions needed for reaction 4.
Explain the meaning of the term optical isomers.
Draw the two optical isomers of $\text{Q}$, showing their three-dimensional structures clearly.
$\text{R}$ can be used in a two-step route to make polymer $\text{W}$. Draw one repeat unit of $\text{W}$.
In the first stage, $\text{Z}$ reacts with HBr to give two products. Which product forms depends on whether intermediate I or intermediate II is made. Explain why intermediate I is more likely to form than intermediate II.
When intermediate I is formed, the first-step product is $\text{T}$. Complete the diagram to show the mechanism for converting $\text{Z}$ into $\text{T}$. Include all relevant charges, partial charges, curly arrows and lone pairs.
$\text{T}$ can then be turned into 2-aminopropane. Name the mechanism for this change.
Compound $\text{S}$, $\text{CH}_3\text{COCO}_2\text{H}$, may be reduced by LiAlH$_4$. Complete the equation using structural formulae for this reaction. Use $[\text{H}]$ to represent the reducing agent.
Give the electronic configuration of the $\text{Na}^+$ cation.
Suggest why ionic radius increases down Group 1.