(a)[3]
In the boxes below, draw the ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for a molecule of each of these compounds. Show only outer electrons. State the shape of each molecule.
(b(i))
Explain, using ammonia as the example, the meaning of the term bond polarity.
(b(ii))
Explain why ammonia is a polar molecule.
(b(iii))
State one physical property of ammonia that is caused by its polarity.
(c)[3]
When ammonia gas is mixed with hydrogen chloride, white, solid ammonium chloride is produced. State each bond type present in one formula unit of ammonium chloride and how many of each type there are. You may draw diagrams.