State completely, in terms of the numbers of subatomic particles, what all three atoms have in common.
State completely, in terms of the numbers of all subatomic particles, how these three atoms are different from one another.
A sulfur sample contains only two isotopes, $^{32}\text{S}$ and $^{34}\text{S}$. The relative atomic mass of this sample is $32.09$. Calculate the percentage abundance of the isotopes in this sample.
The electronic configuration of a sulfur atom is $1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^4$. Identify which orbital in a sulfur atom has the lowest energy.
Sketch the shape of a $p$ orbital.
During ionisation, a sulfur atom loses an electron. $\text{S}(g) \rightarrow \text{S}^+(g) + e^- \qquad \Delta H = 1000\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$. Identify the orbital from which this electron is removed. Explain your answer.
Complete the diagram to show how electrons are arranged within the third shell of a phosphorus atom.
Explain why the first ionisation energy of sulfur is lower than that of phosphorus.